Predictive preventive personalized medicine Liver cancer is the fifth most common form of cancer worldwide [1], with an incidence rate almost equals the mortality rate and ranks 3 rd among causes of cancer related death [2]. The coexistence of two life threatening conditions, cancer and liver cirrhosis makes the staging challenging. However, there are some staging systems, e.g. the Barcelona staging system for Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [3], that suggest treatment options and management. Whereas diagnosis in early stages gives hope for a curative outcome, the treatment regime for around 80 % [2] of the patients classified as severe stages only gears towards palliation [4]. An intra-arterial radiation approach, radioembolisation (RE) is ubiquitously applied as one of palliative approaches. Although, in general RE shows promising results in intermediate and advanced stage HCC [5], individual treatment outcomes are currently unpredictable. Corresponding stratification criteria are still unclear. We hypothesised that individual radioresistance/radiosensitivity may play a crucial role in treatment response towards RE strongly influencing individual outcomes. Further, HCC represents a highly heterogeneous group of patients which requires patient stratification according to clear criteria for treatment algorithms to be applied individually. Multilevel diagnostic approach (MLDA) is considered helpful to set-up optimal predictive and prognostic biomarker panel for individualised application of radioembolisation. Besides comprehensive medical imaging, our MLDA includes non-invasive multi-omics and sub-cellular imaging. Individual patient profiles are expected to give a clue to targeting shifted molecular pathways, individual RE susceptibility, treatment response. Hence, a dysregulation of the detoxification pathway (SOD2/Catalase) might indicate possible adverse effects of RE, and highly increased systemic activities of matrix metalloproteinases indicate an enhanced tumour aggressiveness and provide insights into molecular mechanisms/targets. Consequently, an optimal set-up of predictive and prognostic biomarker panels may lead to the changed treatment paradigm from untargeted "treat and wait" to the cost-effective predictive, preventive and personalised approach, improving the life quality and life expectancy of HCC patients. Keywords: Market access, Value, Strategy, Companion diagnostics, Cost-effectiveness, Reimbursement, Health technology assessment, Economic models, Predictive preventive personalized medicine Achieving and sustaining seamless "drug -companion diagnostic" market access requires a sound strategy throughout a product life cycle, which enables timely creation, substantiation and communication of value to key stakeholders [1, 2]. The study aims at understanding the root-cause of market access inefficiencies of companies by gazing at the "Rx-CDx" co-development process through the prism of "value", and developing a perfect co-development scenario based on the literature review and discussions with the ...

The synthesis of calcium hydroxyapatite powder (Ca-HA) from orthophosphoric acid or from potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate and calcium carbonate was carried out under moderate conditions. A better dissolution of calcium carbonate and a complete precipitation of the orthophosphate species were obtained with orthophosphoric acid, indicating that it may be of interest as a phosphate source compared with potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate. The influence of calcination treatment on the physico-chemical properties of the solids is discussed in this paper. Different characterization techniques such as specific surface area (S BET), true density, particle size distribution, thermo-mechanical analysis, simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry analysis, X-ray diffraction and infrared were performed to understand the phase changes during thermal treatment. Specific surface area decreased while true density and particle size increased with the rise in the calcination temperature, due to the sintering of particles and the chemical reactions occurring at high temperatures. Mixtures of well-crystallized Ca-HA and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) or well-crystallized Ca-HA, CaO, and TCP were obtained after calcination at 800-1,000°C of the solid products starting from orthophosphoric acid or potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate, respectively.

International audienceThis paper focuses on the valorization of calcium carbonate-based solid wastes for theremoval of hydrogen sulfide from gas phase. Two solid wastes taken from industrial sites for theproduction of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate by the Solvay process® were analyzedby different physico-chemical methods. Calcium carbonate was found as the main component ofboth the solid wastes. Trace amounts of other elements such as Mg, Al, Fe, Si, Cl, Na etc. werealso present in these wastes. These solid wastes showed higher sorption activity for the removalof H2S, compared to a pure commercial calcium carbonate. The contact time was found as animportant parameter for the complete H2S uptake. The addition of well-dispersed iron-basedparticles could be carried out by the standard incipient wetness impregnation method. Sorbentcontaining 1 wt.% of spiked iron had the similar sorption behavior compared to a commercialactivated carbon, in terms of reactivity and reactivation possibility

Copper is well known as a classical transition metal used in heterogeneous catalysis. In this study, copper-loaded apatitic calcium phosphates were prepared using incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) and ionic exchange (IE) methods. The interaction between copper precursor (copper nitrate trihydrate, Cu(NO 3) 2 •3H 2 O) and apatitic calcium phosphate (CaP) depended strongly on the preparation method and the content of copper-loaded. Using IE, copper(II) cations (Cu 2+) were incorporated in the apatitic structure of CaP. The content of copper(II) cations seemed to be limited at about 2.2 wt.%. Calcination at 400°C had no influence on the solids obtained by the IE method. Using IWI, the deposition of a theoretical copper content of 2 wt.% led to the incorporation of copper(II) cations in the apatitic structure of CaP by IE with Ca 2+ , despite the low quantity of aqueous solvent used. Therefore the resulting product was similar to that obtained by IE. When the theoretical copper content rose to 20 wt.%, the entire amount of copper precursor molecules were largely deposited, which resulted in the formation of copper oxide particles (CuO) after air calcination at 400°C. Thermo-mechanical analysis study showed that the presence of copper oxide did not modify the thermal shrinkage of the initial calcium phosphate. On the other hand, thermal shrinkage was much more important in the case of CaP substituted with copper(II) cations.