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Target 2 of the European Biodiversity Strategy to 2020, whose aim was to maintain and restore ecosystems and their\ud services, deals in practical terms with the mapping and assessment of ecosystems and their services, with the development\ud of green infrastructure and with halting the loss of biodiversity at the EU, national, and subnational levels. The aim of this\ud short communication was to show the activities currently being carried out in Italy that are related to this target, focusing\ud on the contribution of vegetation science skills to the national implementation process. In particular, we outline noteworthy\ud inputs in ecosystem mapping, in the assessment of ecosystem conservation status, in the individuation of priorities for the\ud restoration of ecosystems, and in the settingup of an ecological framework to promote green infrastructure. An overview of\ud the process outcomes and their relevance within the national and international contexts is also provided