Preindustrial forest composition for >180 000 km 2 throughout central and northeastern Ontario was recreated from Ontario Crown land survey notes and compared with existing forest composition derived from current Forest Resource Inventories (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009) in each of Site Regions 3E, 4E, and 5E. A validation analysis was performed using the Forest Resource Inventory data to test the assumption that sampling the land survey tree species composition along township boundaries is adequate in describing the composition of the whole forest. The majority of tree species in each of the three site regions validated successfully. A binary logistic regression model allowed birch genera to be classified at the species level to aid in the interpretation of survey notes. All analyses showed significant reductions in conifers (especially red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and eastern larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch)) and significant increases in maple (Acer spp.), oak (Quercus spp.), white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), and poplar (Populus spp.).Résumé : La composition forestière préindustrielle d'une aire de plus de 180 000 km 2 dans le centre et le nord-est de l'Ontario a été reconstituée à partir de notes d'inventaire des terres publiques de l'Ontario (1816-1955) et comparée à la composition forestière actuelle déterminée à partir des inventaires des ressources forestières (1998-2009) dans chacune des régions écologiques 3E, 4E et 5E. Une analyse de validation a été effectuée avec des données de l'inventaire des ressources forestières pour tester l'hypothèse que l'échantillonnage de la composition forestière de l'inventaire des terres le long des limites de comté est adéquat pour décrire la composition de l'ensemble de la forêt. La majorité des espèces d'arbre dans chacune des trois régions écologiques ont été validés avec succès. Un modèle de régression logistique binaire a permis de classifier les bouleaux à l'espèce pour faciliter l'interprétation des notes d'inventaire. Toutes les analyses ont montré qu'il y avait une réduction significative des conifères (en particulier le pin rouge (Pinus resinosa Ait.), le pin blanc (Pinus strobus L.) et le mélèze laricin (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch)) et une augmentation significative des érables (Acer spp.), des chênes (Quercus spp.), du bouleau à papier (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) et des peupliers (Populus spp.).[Traduit par la Rédaction]
Two experiments were conducted to see if blood drive attendance could be increased by altering the content of reminder calls. In Experiment 1 college students received either a standard reminder (the place, time, and necessity of eating beforehand) or a commitment‐enhancing reminder in which they agreed to be “counted on”. Those in the latter condition were significantly more likely (p <.007) to attend a blood drive. Experiment 2 demonstrated that an alternate wording for the commitment‐enhancing message was possible; that a verbal response was necessary to ensure the commitment; and that a message enhancing altruism was not as effective. The studies suggest that asking for an additional commitment during a reminder call can appreciably increase blood drive participation rates.
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