Abbreviations: Retinoblastoma protein/gene (RB/RB1); External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT); intravenous chemotherapy (IVC); vincristine, etoposide and carboplatin (VEC); intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC); intraocular classification of retinoblastoma (ICRB); Proton beam radiation therapy (PBRT); the transforming growth factor b1 (TGF-b1); senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHF); lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); no-homologous end joining (NHEJ); homologous recombination (HR); methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1); DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-K); histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1); DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-K); Sex-determining Y box 2 (SOX2); Ras association domain family (RASSF); Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Protein (CRABP); apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1); Colon Cancer Associated Transcript 1 (CCAT1); glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); Retinol Binding Protein 3 (RBP3); lamin B1 protein(LMNB1); Transferrin Receptor (TFRC).