In Indonesia, rice was produced by small-scale farmers where yields were still generally low. This was because small-scale farmers still used poor quality seeds and unbalanced fertilizers. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the socio-economic factors that affected the adoption of quality seeds in lowland rice farming and the use of fertilizers on quality seeds. This research used a double-hurdle model to answer the objectives of research and used 329 farmings which were selected randomly in Central Sulawesi Indonesia. The results show that the gender variable only affected the use of fertilizer on quality seeds. Education, access to credit, sources of income (income diversification), access to extension, meetings with farmer groups were found to be positively correlated with the decision to adopt quality seeds in lowland rice farming and use of fertilizers to quality seeds, while the number of dependents of the household head was negatively correlated. The land area of lowland rice was positively correlated with the adoption of quality seeds in lowland rice farming but negatively correlated with the number of fertilizers used for quality seeds. Based on these findings, the role of extension workers and farmer groups was needed in disseminating quality seeds, and through credit institutions, it was necessary to provide credit facilities to rice producers (farmers) so that rice productivity could be increased.

Pasar bawang merah melibatkan petani produsen dan beberapa pedagang perantara telah membentuk tingkah laku di pasar. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui struktur dan perilaku pasar bawang merah di Kecamatan Sambi Rampas Kabupaten Manggarai Timur Nusa Tenggara Timur. Sampel responen petani menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Responden pedagang menggunakan snowball sampling. Analisis struktur pasar, mengukur tingkat konsentrasi pasar melitupti pangsa pasar, CR4, HHI, hambatan masuk pasar, pengetahuan pasar dan diferensiasi produk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pasar bawang merah berada pada struktur pasar persaingan tidak sempurna yang oligopsoni. Perilaku pasar mengamati mekanisme penetapan harga, cara penjualan, penerapan fungsi pemasaran, memberikan petunjuk bahwa perilaku pasar bawang merah yang dilakuakn dengan sistem penetapan harga di kendalikan oleh pedagang sehingga petani cenderung sebagai  price taker sedangkan pedagang sebagai price maker. Disarankan petani produsen perlu membentuk kelompok untuk bekerja sama dalam menjalankan pemasaran bawang merah melalui pendampingan yang difasilitasi oleh pemerintah atau lembagan terkait.

ABSTRACT The research conducted in home industry “Kanaan” in Tuak Daun Merah District of Oebobo Sub-district in Kupang City in July 2019 aims to the amount of revenue, cost of production, profit and loss reports and value added of the maize processing business in the “Kanaan” Home Industry. The determination of the research area was intentionally carried out (Purposive) and the research method used was the case study method. Primary data was collected through interviews, the collected data was analyzed descriptively, followed by an analysis of revenue, profit and loss account using the full-cost method and added value analysis. The results showed that the Kanaan home industry achieved an income of in July 2019 from each unit of production of 350 gr spicy fried corn in the amount of Rp27,300,000, - for 25 gr spicy fried corn in the amount of Rp23,520,000, while the balado fried corn in size 25 gr in the amount of Rp 11,760,000, - and for the profit of fried corn in the Canaan Home Industry in July 2019, namely 350 grams of spicy fried corn in the amount of Rp 17,174,226,- on the other hand25 grams of spicy fried corn in the amount of Rp 13,094,372, while the fried corn balado size of 25 gr amount to Rp5,684,699, - of processed corn products. The added value in July 2019 was Rp 13.242,-/kg with an added value of 51% for large-packed of spicy fried maize, an added value for small-packed of spicy fried maize was Rp 9,657-/kg with the added-value ratio of 43.11%, while the added value for small packaged of balado fried maize was Rp 8.857,-/kg with an added value ratio of 39.58%.

Coffee has become the foundation of the economy of the community, including in Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara. In running their farms, farmers find a problem, namely low production. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship and influence of Arabica coffee production factors. The sample in this study amounted to 83 farmers. The research data uses primary and secondary data. The data analysis method uses correlation analysis (Bivariate Correlation) and the Cobb Douglas production function model. The results showed that the factors that have a relationship with Arabica coffee farming production are fertilizer, seeds, labor, land area, and household size. In contrast, factors that have no relationship with production are education level, farming experience, and farmer's age. The factors that affect the production of Arabica coffee farming are seeds, land area, and household size. In contrast, factors that did not affect production were fertilizer, education level, labor, farming experience, and age

ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini (1)