At present, the issue of agricultural land protection resonates in a wide range of scientific disciplines. Individual approaches to the subject are in line with the relevant field, but the basis should always be grounded in the current legislation. The paper is a technical description focused on identification of the basic terms, relations, problems, goals and challenges and possible legal or legislative solutions of the physical protection of the agricultural soil and the legal protection of the agricultural land as an object of legal relations in the Slovak Republic. Achievement the goals and their legal realisation is possible only if certain legal obstacles are resolved on the national level and level of European Union. This paper represents a basic analysis, which can possibly serve as a support for an attempt to resolve the defined problems by the legislative means.

On the south facade of the chapel of St. Margaret of Antioch in Kopčany (Slovakia), there are two stones with engraved symbols. On one of the stones, the signs X, X in a rectangular frame and a schematically depicted face surmounted by three crosses are engraved. On the second stone, only the signs X and some simple lines are carved very indistinctly. Only the signs on the first stone are the subject of the analysis. The sign X can be interpreted as a Christogram. The rectangular frame around the second sign X can be interpreted as a symbol for the whole world or universe. The face with the three crosses can be considered an image of Christ. The signs as a whole composition probably symbolize Christ, his sacrifice, salvation through his death on the cross, the universal effect of salvation and saving from eternal death and perdition. The symbols had probably a protective function for the church and for the community of the faithful who used the church as well as for the buried in the cemetery. For these symbols, their meaning and function can be found analogies made in similarly reduced form and dimensions from the early Middle Ages (6 th -10 th centuries) in the territory of France,

The current developments in the European legislative protection against the introduction of plant pests is problematic in terms of its quality and in relation of the EU law to the law of EU Member States. The quality of this legislation is significant by non-uniform wording used in Directive 2019/523 and in Council Directive 2000/29/EC, especially in geographical indications, names of taxonomic units of organisms and listing of requirements, conditions, states, plants, plant products and organisms. Another problematic phenomenon of the uncertainty of the EU Member states caused by very slow European law-making process regarding to adoption of implementing regulations, which needed to enter into force on December 14th 2019 based on Regulation 2016/2031 repealing the present legislation in plant pest protection covered by seven older directives. Despite of this fact, the EU amended simultaneously this older legislation only a very short time before the date of repealing.

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ILLÁŠ, Martin. The Church no. IX in Mikulčice (the Four-apsed Rotunda). The aim of this work is to identify the provenance of the pre-Romanesque church no. IX (the so-called four-apsed rotunda) in Mikulčice from the 2nd half of the 9th century and determine its probable function. Since the church no. IX is a tetraconch inscribed into the shell of a rotunda, it is necessary to compare it with the tetraconchs from the 4th to