Vitamin E owes its biological effects to its antioxidant activity. Kinetic and mechanistic studies on phenolic antioxidants in vitro have led us to design and synthesize all‐rac‐2,4,6,7‐tetramethyl‐2‐(4',8',12'‐trimethyltridecyl)‐5‐hydroxy‐3,4‐dihydrobenzofuran, 3. In the rat curative myopathy bioassay the acetate of this compound has 1.5–1.9 times the bioactivity of all‐rac‐α‐tocopherol acetate. This represents the first time that a rationally designed synthetic ‘vitamin’ has been found to have more activity in vivo than the corresponding natural vitamin.

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The formation of isovaleric acid is not only caused by microbiology infection or by oxidized hops, but also is influenced by the mashing process. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.