Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S Effects of a Red Card on Goal-Scoring in World Cup Football MatchesIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. We examine the effect of the sending-off of a player on the goal-scoring rates in FIFA World Cup matches in tournaments from 1998 to 2014. We use a hazard rate framework in which the effect of a red card is modeled as a shift in the goal-scoring rate. A red card may harm the team that receives a red card and may be beneficial for their opponent. Indeed, we find that the goal-scoring rate of the sanctioned team goes down, while the goal-scoring rate of the non-sanctioned team goes up.JEL Classification: Z29

We investigate stadium attendance in the highest level of Dutch professional football for the seasons 2000/01-2015/16 focusing on outcome uncertainty, loss aversion and team quality. We find that for individual football matches, attendance is related to reference-dependent preferences with loss aversion dominating the preference for uncertain outcomes. Furthermore, team quality is an important determinant of stadium attendance. Towards the end of the season, outcome uncertainty regarding the final ranking becomes important. For this seasonal uncertainty, we find a positive and stable, but rather small impact of the introduction of a unique and large end-ofseason play-off scheme for the qualification for European football.

Financial integration and fiscal policy in interdependent two-sector economies with real and nominal wage rigidity de Groof, R.J.; van Tuijl, MartinPublication date: 1991 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):de Groof, R. J., & van Tuijl, M. A. (1991). Financial integration and fiscal policy in interdependent two-sector economies with real and nominal wage rigidity. (Research memorandum / Tilburg University, Department of Economics; Vol. FEW 526). Unknown Publisher. General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.-Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research -You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain -You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. There is a reasonable amount of prtma facie evidence in favour of the hypothesis of increased integration of financisl markets (e.g. Frankel, 1989, Keuzenkamp and Van der Ploeg, 1990). The process of financial integration can be observed from enhanced substitutability of assets and a growing interdependence of yields.This paper examines the consequences of financial integration.for the effects and spill-over effects of fiscal policy. For that purpose, a twocountry-two-sector perfect foresight model, allowing for intertemporal government budget constraints, current account dynamics, wealth effects, capital accumulation, imperfect substitutability between home and foreign bonds, floating exchange rates, imperfect substitution between home and foreign tradables, international labour and intersectoral capital immobility, real wage rigidity at home and nominal wage rigidity abroad is formulated.There is a considerable amount of literature on international interdependent macrceconomics using a portfolio balance framework (e.g. Tobin and de Macedo, 1980, Branson and Henderson, 1985, Ribe and Beeman, 1986, Van de Klundert, 1991. On the other hand, some work has been done on international interdependent two-sector economies, without or with at best an elementary financial sector (Corden and Turnovsky, 1983, Obstfeld, 1988, De Groof and Schaling, 1991 At this point it should be stressed that, apart from nominal wage formation, the two countries are identical.Lower-case letters refer to real variables, variables expressed as rates are denoted with a'tilde', while exogenous variablea are barred. The subscript i(i -h,n) refers to the home tradables sector and the nontradables sector, respectively, while the subscripts j and k(j -1,2 , k-1,2, j~k) refer to coun...

No abstract