Wine aroma represents one of the main properties that determines the consumer acceptance of the wine. It is different for each wine variety and depends on a large number of various chemical compounds. The aim of this study was to prepare red wine concentrates with enriched aroma compounds and chemical composition. For that purpose, Cabernet Sauvignon red wine variety was concentrated by reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) processes under different operating conditions. Different pressures (2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 MPa) and temperature regimes (with and without cooling) were applied on Alfa Laval LabUnit M20 equipped with six composite polyamide RO98pHt M20 or NF M20 membranes. Higher pressure increased the retention of sugars, SO2, total and volatile acids and ethanol, but the temperature increment had opposite effect. Both membranes were permeable for water, ethanol, acetic acid, 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol and their concentration decreased after wine filtration. RO98pHt membranes retained higher concentrations of total aroma compounds than NF membranes, but both processes, reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, resulted in retentates with different aroma profiles comparing to the initial wine. The retention of individual compounds depended on several factors (chemical structure, stability, polarity, applied processing parameters, etc.).

INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprising ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD), affects >1 million individuals in the United States and 2.5 million inEurope. IBD is an immune-mediated chronic condition for which currently no definitive cure is available. The current study utilizes apositive psychology framework to understand the role of stress in IBD, seeks a proof ofconcept that stress resilience could be a protective factor in patients with IBD. Resilienceis defined as the inherent and modifiable capacity of an individual to cope or recover from adversity. OBJECTIVE: On the basis of previous knowledge, we want explain and bring closer the understanding of the resilience of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. METHODS: The PubMed database, and the Google scholar database were searched. The search was performed using keywords. This paper includes research dealing with resilience in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases within the last ten years. RESULTS: Although IBD imposes a mental and physical toll on individuals, someindividuals do report feeling stronger due to having IBD. Most studies included in this review investigated psychological resilience and trait resilience that promoted the ability to bounce back from IBD-related adversity. Conversely, higher levels of resilience were found to predict better quality of life among IBD patients. Higher levels of resilience predicted higher levels of adaptation to the ostomy; notably, perseverancedefined as a trait of resilience was the most reliable predictor. Resilience was not significantly affected by clinical characteristics in UC patients. CONCLUSION: Many unmet needs still exist in the IBD research agenda, including a better understanding of its physiopathology, reduction of diagnostic delays, discovery of more effective and safer drugs, optimisation of existing therapies, improving patients' adherence to the treatment plan, improving patient's quality of life, management of extraintestinal manifestations, and prevention of complications. A multidimensional approach is necessary for delivering high-quality healthcare for IBD patients.