No abstract

Digitalization is rapidly increasing in international shipping. From 2019, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) made it mandatory to allow electronic clearance of ships entering foreign ports. In preparation for this, the IMO Facilitation Committee started to develop a reference data model to harmonise the most important standards for ship clearance. The first version was published in 2020. The model is already extending into other areas of ship-port data exchanges and it is now increasingly seen as a tool to coordinate development of new electronic data exchange standards for ship operations. Lack of such coordination has, up to now, been a significant problem -this coordination will be essential in the relatively small and highly international market that shipping represents. Digitalization of shipping and the role of IMOLloyd's Maritime Atlas [1] lists more than 8,000 ports around the world. In each of these ports there are different administrative and operational functions, each of them requiring information from and about the ship before the ship can enter the port. In addition, ships exchange information with other ships as well as with other shore functions. Some of these are illustrated in Figure 1.

were: 56,411 cases and 24,050 weight numbers. Most of the cases were provided by county hospitals (17,059 cases, 30% of the total cases), besides most weigh numbers were provided by the county hospitals too (6,688 weigh numbers, 28% of the total amount). Most cases and weight numbers were related to the paediatric surgery field (24% of the total cases, and 21% of the total weigh numbers). CONCLUSIONS: The one-day surgery interventions have been increasing among children in the examined period (both cases and weight numbers), especially in the paediatric surgery field.