Typhoid fever, which is caused by Salmonella Typhi, is still considered a global health burden. Approximately 21 million cases occur worldwide each year, causing 200 thousand deaths; 1 almost 80% of these cases are from Asia. 2 Antimicrobial medication for typhoid fever kills S. Typhi even if the bacteria survive inside phagocytes; 3 however, S. Typhi has developed resistance to antimicrobials. 4 Because of this phenomenon, many countries like Indonesia and China have faced Multidrug-Resistant Typhoid Fever (MDRTF) for the last two decades. 2

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) caused by SARS-Cov-2 had been spreading worldwide including Indonesia, but In Indonesia, it was difficult to diagnose confirmation Covid-19 by Polymerase Change Reaction (PCR). and in clinical practice to treat covid-19, Indonesia Health Ministry use term probable covid-19 for patients under observation Covid-19, but study for neurological manifestation on probable Covid-19 is very lacking. Objective: Knowing the neurological manifestation of patient probable Covid-19. Methods: Observational study from Covid-19 medical record and neuro-Covid-19 medical record of all probable Covid-19 hospitalized in the isolation ward of Saiful Anwar Hospital (RSSA) Malang since March-May, 2020 (3 months). Probable Covid-19 criteria were given by Covid-19 task force team based on Health Minister Indonesia criteria. This criterion was based on clinical manifestation (severe upper respiratory symptoms, or mild-severe pneumonia), radiologic examination (lung infiltrate and or chest CT scan), and laboratory examination. Neurological manifestation is based on clinical symptom appeared while patient hospitalized, supported with radiologic and laboratory data which was supervised by neurologist or neurologist resident. All data was inputted to neuro-Covid-19 e-registry on the smartphone application, sent periodically to the data center in Neurology Department RSSA Malang. Results: A hundred and fourteen probable Covid-19 was registered with mean age 34,5 year old and mostly at the young age of 20-50 years (38%). The neurological manifestation was observed in 4 patients (3,4% from all possible Covid-19 patients) with thrombotic stroke as the most common manifestation (50%), followed by myelum tumor (25%) and hypoxia encephalopathy (25%). Stroke patients in probable Covid-19 had old age (72 and 82 years) accompanied by several comorbid such as hypertension, DM and CVA history and Covid symptoms of cough, shortness of breath and fever. Hemiparesis was found improved with aspirin and neurotropic therapy. Patient with myelum tumor had a covid symptom of shortness of breath, cough, and fever with UMN tetraparesis. Previous MRI examination results suspected meningioma. The patient died while hospitalized. Patients with hypoxia encephalopathy admitted with decreased consciousness due to shortness of breath with acidosis respiratory symptoms (pH 7,22 ). This condition improved after oxygenation without focal neurologic deficit. Conclusion:Neurological manifestation in probable Covid-19 was 3,4% of all patients. The most common diagnosis was a thrombotic stroke, followed by myelum tumor, hypoxia encephalopathy, and mortality rate is 25%.

Latar belakang. Infeksi kandidiasis invasif meliputi infeksi aliran darah dan infeksi invasif dalam lainnya yang disebabkan oleh spesies Kandida dan merupakan penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas yang signifikan, khususnya pada pasien dengan status immunocompromised, seperti pada kondisi keganasan hematologis, kelainan limfoproliferatif, dan gangguan myeloproliferative.Tujuan. Menginvestigasi peran skor Kandida, dibandingkan dengan kultur darah dan PCR, sebagai alat diagnostik kandidiasis invasif pada pasien dengan neutropenia berat, khususnya pada kasus keganasan.Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional. Data yang diperoleh diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan metode Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) untuk mendapatkan nilai area under curve (AUC). Berdasarkan kurva AUC kemudian dilakukan pencarian titik potong yang paling optimal untuk mendapatkan nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitasHasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kedua kelompok dengan kultur positif dan negatif tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna berdasarkan karakteristik jenis kelamin, usia, berat badan, status gizi, dan diagnosis klinis (uji Mann-Whitney, p>0,05).Kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak didapatkan perbedaan pada sensitivitas dan spesifisitas skor Kandida dibandingkan dengan hasil kultur pada pada pasien anak dengan neutropenia berat.

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AIM: The frequency, incidence, and types of fracture of the elbow are different between children and adult. The epidemiology of elbow fracture in children has been the subject of a limited number of studies. This study aims to observe the pattern of elbow fractures in children 18 years of age and younger, during a nine years period. METHODS: This is a retrospective study about elbow fracture cases in children 18 years old and younger treated in Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang in the period of June 2009 until December 2018. The data obtained from the medical record include the age at the time of accidents, fracture site, type of lesion and ipsilateral injuries, time of accidents, and the mechanism of injury. RESULTS: There is a total of 99 elbow fracture, and there are 62 male (63%) and 37 female patients (37%). The mean age for the entire group is 7.3 years (8.1 years for male and 7.1 years for female). Most cases are supracondylar fracture (n=77, 78%). The supracondylar fracture is composed of 17 fracture classified to type II, and 60 fracture to type III as classified by Gartland. The most common etiology of fracture is associated with sports, recreational activities, and fall from height of less than two meters. Nerve injury involving the median, radial, and ulnar nerve is seen in eight patients with type III supracondylar fracture. Associated brachial artery injury is seen in four patients with type III supracondylar fractures. 78 patients (79%) were treated surgically and 21 patients (21%) were treated conservatively. CONCLUSION: The incidence of elbow fracture in children treated in Saiful Anwar General Hospital during a nine years period is 99 patients, with supracondylar fracture Gartland type III being the leading type of this group. Male patients are more common than female patients. Nerve injury was seen in 13.33% of cases and brachial artery injury was seen 6.67% with type III supracondylar fracture. Most of the elbow fracture in our institution were treated operatively.