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Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) are decentralized wireless networks that communicate without pre-existing infrastructure. MANETs are vulnerable to the most popular types of attacks and threats, such as wormhole attacks. A wormhole attacks is very challenging issues that records the packets from one location of the network and tunnels them to another location to undermines the performance of the wireless network and disrupt the most routing protocol. However, the existing solutions have been developed to overcome the wormhole attack, but still suffering from additional hardware, incur high delay delivery, or fail to provide high throughput, packet delivery ratio as well as consume higher energy. In this paper a hybrid wormhole attack detection (HWAD) algorithm is proposed, which is able to detect both in-band wormholes through performs round trip time (RTT) based on its hop count, and packet delivery ratio (PDR), also out-of-band wormholes through performs transmission range between successive nodes in a more optimistic manner than existing solutions. HWAD reduce the delay and energy through avoids performing wormhole detections for all available nodes in the network. HWAD does not rely on any special hardware and middleware. The proposed algorithm HWAD was executed using NS-2 network simulator. The performance metrics was taking into consideration to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm the throughput, end to end delay, packet delivery ratio, and consuming energy. The proposed algorithm utilized Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol to improve the detection method. The experimental results have shown the performance metrics of the proposed approach HWAD outperformed in wormhole detection compared with other algorithms.

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As Short Message Service (SMS) is now widely use as business tool, it security has become a major concern for business organizations and customers. There is a need for an end to end SMS Encryption in order to provide a secure medium for communication. This paper evaluates RSA, ELGamal and Elliptic curve encryption techniques using random SMS messages of various sizes to measure their encryption and decryption time. The experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of each algorithm and to choose the most suitable algorithm for SMS encryption.