Targeted thyroid function testing of only the high-risk group would miss about one third of pregnant women with overt/subclinical hypothyroidism.

The Oscar 2 was graded A for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure by the British Hypertension Society protocol and can be recommended for clinical use in an adult population.

The OSCAR 2 passes all requirements for validation by the International Protocol and can be recommended for clinical use in an adult population.

Cigarette smoking is associated with changes in maternal thyroid function throughout the pregnancy and in fetal thyroid function as measured in cord blood samples.

Aims Anaemia occurs in 25% of people attending hospital diabetes clinics, but this may not be representative of all people with diabetes. We aimed to determine the prevalence of anaemia in a prospective population-based sample stratified by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the 4-point Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula.Methods All 7331 patients on our district register were stratified by eGFR. Seven hundred and thirty were approached by letter on two occasions. Two hundred and thirty-four (32%) returned questionnaires and blood samples. Responders (R), nonresponders (NR) and the whole cohort (C) were similar: mean AE sd age R 61.7 AE 12.7 years; NR 61.3 AE 15.1 years; C 61.8 AE 14.2 years; diabetes duration R 8.8 AE 8.6 years; NR 8.2 AE 7.9 years; C 7.5 AE 7.8 years, Type 1 diabetes R 10.1%, NR 10.8%, C 9.4%. Anaemia was defined using World Health Organization criteria: haemoglobin < 13 g ⁄ dl for men, < 12 g⁄ dl for women.Results Previously undiagnosed anaemia was present in 15% of the whole group, 36% with eGFR < 60 ml ⁄ min per 1.73 m 2 and 9% of those with eGFR > 60 ml ⁄ min per 1.73 m 2 . Anaemia was as a result of erythropoietin deficiency in 34%, abnormal haematinics in 40% and was unexplained in 26% of patients. Five per cent of the patients had anaemia below the treatment threshold of 11 g ⁄ dl.Conclusions The prevalence of unrecognized anaemia in population-based cohorts is lower than that in hospital-based studies. Current clinical surveillance in the UK is failing to detect anaemia in stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease (eGFR < 60 ml ⁄ min per 1.73 m 2 ) and current guidelines will not detect 9% of diabetic patients with anaemia and an eGFR > 60 ml ⁄ min per 1.73 m 2 . Diabet. Med. 27, 655-659 (2010)