This study examined the gender-differentiated trait preferences of cooking banana (matooke) for farmers and consumers in Central Uganda to inform banana-breeding strategies. Women and men banana farmers might have differing production objectives, norms, and values which drive decisions on which varieties to adopt and grow. However, breeders rarely consider this in their variety development programs, leading to lost opportunities for equitable breeding. An exploratory sequential mixed-method approach was used to obtain a richer understanding of the trait preferences of women and men, which explains the acceptability of cooking bananas. Consumer preference tests for the candidate banana varieties and released hybrids were also conducted. The results showed that the universal attributes for variety selection were bunch size, taste, resistance to pests and diseases, drought tolerance, food texture/softness, maturity period, and finger size. Men appreciated agronomic and market-related traits, such as tolerance to drought and poor soils, bunch size and compactness, maturity period, and shelf life, while women valued processing and cooking traits such as flavour, food colour, ease of peeling, finger size, and agronomic traits such as plant height. These are plausible attributes for the gender-responsive breeding of bananas. The findings highlight the need to redesign the banana-breeding pipeline and process in Uganda to deliver varieties with attributes desired by women and men along this commodity value chain. A participatory demand-driven and gender-responsive process involving stepwise selection criteria that commences with quality traits followed by production traits while integrating gender-specific preferences should be employed to ensure the acceptability of cooking banana hybrids by women and men end users. This requires integrating different disciplines, including social scientists and gender experts, along the entire breeding process for more inclusive products and equitable outcomes.

'NABIO808' is a newly released, conventionally-bred triploid cooking banana cultivar in Uganda. It produces an average bunch yield of 54.5 t ha-1 yr-1 and is resistant to weevils, nematodes, and black Sigatoka. Additionally, its food is yellow, soft, and tasty, like that of most preferred landrace cultivars, making it more acceptable to end-users.

Background Donated breast milk is considered beneficial to vulnerable infants. Thus, Uganda launched its first human milk bank in November 2021 to provide breast milk to preterm, low birthweight and sick babies. However, there is a scarcity of information on the acceptability of donated breast milk in Uganda. The study sought to assess the acceptability of using donated breast milk and associated factors among pregnant women at a private and a public hospital in central Uganda. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled pregnant women attending antenatal care at the selected hospitals between July and October 2020. All pregnant women recruited had already given birth to at least one child. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, and we recruited participants through systematic sampling. Used frequencies, percentages and means with standard deviations to summarize variables. Assessed the association between the acceptability of donated milk and selected factors by comparing their arithmetic means using a generalized linear model to allow for clustering at the health facility level. Used a normal distribution and an identity link and calculated the adjusted mean differences together with 95% CIs [generated using robust variance estimators to correct for model misspecification]. Results A total of 244 pregnant women with a mean age of 30 (± 5.25) years were enrolled. Sixty-one-point 5% (150/244) of the women reported that they would accept donated breast milk. Higher education (adjusted mean difference, technical versus primary level: 1.33; 95% CI 0.64, 2.02), being Muslim (adjusted mean difference, Muslim versus Christian: 1.24; 95% CI 0.77, 1.70), having heard of donated breast milk banking (adjusted mean difference, ever versus never: 0.62; 95% CI 0.18, 1.06) and presence of a serious medical condition (adjusted mean difference, preference of donated milk versus other feeds in a serious medical condition: 3.96; 95% CI, 3.28, 4.64) were associated with acceptability of donated breast milk. Conclusions The acceptability of using donated breast milk for infant feeding was high among pregnant women. Public sensitization and education campaigns are indispensable for the acceptability of donated milk. These programs should be designed to include women with lower education levels.

Background Breast milk is crucial for the nutritional and developmental milestones in the first two years of life. Uganda has recognized the need for a human milk bank as an opportunity that offers reliable and healthy milk to babies who lack access to their mothers. However, there is little information on the perceptions towards donated breast milk in Uganda. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of mothers, fathers, and health workers on the use of donated breast milk at Nsambya and Naguru hospitals in Kampala district, central Uganda. Methods A qualitative descriptive study was conducted at Nsambya and Naguru hospitals in central Uganda. The study consisted of 8 focus group discussions (FGDs) of 6 participants each and 19 key informant interviews (KIIs) among mothers, fathers, and health workers. Participants were purposively selected. Data collected were transcribed, translated from Luganda to English, and analyzed using thematic analysis. All data were organized and managed in Nvivo version 12.0. Results A total of 67 participants were involved in the study. Two main themes were identified: positive perceptions and negative perceptions. Participants linked donated breast milk to blood transfusion, believed it had nutrients comparable to the biological mother’s milk, and thought it was an opportunity to avoid formula or cow milk and help babies that cannot access breast milk. However, the notable negative perceptions were; the feeling that donated breast milk is disgusting, could result in acquiring non-parental genes and traits, and that it was unsafe. Participants also feared that donated breast milk could be expensive and affect the bond between mother and child. Conclusion In summary, participants had positive perceptions about donated breast milk but were concerned about the potential side effects. Health workers should take extra precautions to ensure that donated breast milk is safe. The development of appropriate information and communication programs to sensitize the public about the benefits of donated breast milk will improve the uptake. Further research should focus on understanding the social-cultural beliefs regarding donated breast milk.