Toxoplasma gondii causes toxoplasmosis with a global prevalence in the world. A large proportion of human illness is most frequently associated with consuming raw and undercooked meat or other animal products containing infective parasitic stages of T. gondii . This systematic review and meta-analysis study evaluated the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in cattle, sheep, camels, goats, and poultry worldwide. The search was performed in databases including PubMed, WoS, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and ISC from 2000 to 2019 in Persian and English. The main inclusion criteria were the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among livestock and poultry and the prevalence indices by sample size. During these 20 years, the overall prevalence of toxoplasmosis in livestock and poultry was 28.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 25–31.9%) using the random-effects meta-analysis model. The highest prevalence of T. gondii in livestock and poultry animals was found in Asia in 2014 with 89.8% (95% CI 78.5–95.5%). The lowest prevalence was found in Asia in 2013 with 1.26% (95% CI 0.4–3.8%). A quarter of livestock and poultry were infected with T. gondii . Since livestock products are globally important sources of people's diet, our findings are useful for policymakers to control T. gondii infection in livestock. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10393-022-01575-x.

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Background Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of mortality in the world including Iran and are one of the main causes of disability. Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) is a multidisciplinary program that helps CVD patients recover faster after a heart attack and avoid any subsequent incident . This report determined the current state of CR in Yazd, Iran. Characteristics of the program Hospital-based Afshar CR program in Yazd, Iran, is the only CR facility in Yazd province, which is located in the centre of Iran. Currently, the Afshar CR program has four phases including inpatient, sub-acute, outpatient and maintenance. The CR team includes cardiologists and heart surgeons as physicians, and physical medicine rehabilitation specialist, outpatient and inpatient resident medical officers, psychiatrists, nutritionists, psychologists, physiotherapists and social workers. Discussion Given the facilities and training programs mentioned above, the rate of patient referral to the center by the inpatient CR team during the short life of CR in this center was 60%, the patient participation rate was 6.9% and the enrollment rate was 55%. In addition, over the past three years, 57% of registered patients completed the program. Conclusion The Afshar CR is trying to get closer to the world standard setting. But it seems that it is necessary to develop the standard of CR in Iran based on the culture and socio-economic status of Iranian community.

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