The aim of this paper is to investigate the possibility of applying renewable energy strategies in Kurdistan Region

The envelope of buildings has an important role in controlling the energy consumption in buildings. The climatic changes and depletion of conventional sources make this fact important. This paper endeavors to estimate the thermal performance (steady-state) condition of a range of houses envelope with different architectural styles in Northern Iraq. The study examines the potential of the building envelope materials to control heat loss/gain through calculating U-Value (Heat transfer coefficient value). The capacity of the building's envelope materials to maintain indoor temperature is a goal to perform thermal comfort and decrease energy usage. The potential of buildings envelope materials for each architectural style in terms of their thermal performance has been identified and the results have been determined. Reconcile the new materials and technologies with old vernacular materials and techniques, would grant effective design potential. Finally, the recommendations to develop new envelopes have been suggested to reduce energy consumption in future houses.

A B S T R A C TModernist architecture movement of the buildings in any city reflects the modernity of that city. Lefkoşa as a modern city faced many conflicts in the last century. The governmental buildings illustrate how modernism in architecture was defined and reflected in the buildings of the city. The aim of this paper is to explore the modernism movement in architecture influence on educational governmental buildings in Lefkoşa for first half in 20th century. The paper focuses on the ideas and experiences of modernist architects in first half of 20th century to apply modernism elements, and relationship between architecture form and functionalism in governmental buildings. Methodology frame work elucidated to conduct the subject. Two School buildings have been selected from the first half of twentieth century in Lefkoşa as case studies for modernist architecture. 'Lefkoşa türk lisesi' designed by 'Ahmet vural Bahaedden', which was the one of famous modernist architects in Cyprus and 'Şehit Ertuğrul Ilkokulu'. The buildings architectural elements analyzed in both schools to demonstrate relation between site, interior space, functionality and environmental response, based on using their modern material and character. The paper concluded that the educational buildings hold strong elements of the modernist architecture in Lefkoşa and demonstrate how the elements of modernism were involved functionally in the design. The findings contribute useful evidence about the existence of modernism philosophy in architecture in Lefkoşa in the first half of twentieth century.

Architects and designers are obligated to think comprehensively to create aesthetically pleasing buildings together with functional features. The modern movement of architecture represents a dramatic movement in the buildings design to create a different functional and new architecture. There is a debate about the priority of beauty (aesthetics) and functionality (ethics) in this architectural style and leads to ambiguity in evaluating ethics and aesthetics. Hence, the study aims to understand the relationship between ethics and aesthetics value in architecture's modern movement. This study hypothesizes that there is a significant relationship between ethical and aesthetical values through the functionality of modern architecture. The study has proposed a conceptual model to be applied in future studies on different case studies. This is through assessment tools to evaluate the presence of ethics and aesthetics in modern architectural style.

The study aims to enhance the efficiency of the design process in the early stages of the design through guidance on the aperture design of buildings in Mediterranean regions. The study focuses on the outer glazing areas as the weakest part of the envelope for thermal resistance. Simulation software "Design Builder" has been applied to assess CO 2 emission in the residential buildings in Kyrenia through their apertures, and the ways to reduce carbon dioxide emission. Therefore, an eventual model has been developed and simulated according to the initial data obtained from the selected building samples as case studies. The study has concluded with mathematical models to assess the relationship between the size of apertures and the emission of carbon dioxide in the various topographical regions of Kyrenia concerning the sea and mountain views. The study would provide academic legislators and local authorities with new ideas in Kyrenia and Northern Cyprus.