The adsorption and desorption phenomenon of synthesized Benzimidazole based fungicide, 2-(3’-pyridyl)benzimidazole (PyBlm), was investigated by batch equilibrium method. Four soil minerals were utilized for thesorption studies including; alumina, silica, muscovite and montmorillonite. Highest value of adsorption coefficient(Kd(ads)), obtained for montmorillonite mineral (Mx (Al, Fe, Mg4) Si8O20 (OH4)) was 2779 µg ml-1. Highest rate ofadsorption is attributable to its considerably large surface area of 628 m2g-1 and highest inter-lattice d-spacing, 10 Å.Highest desorption (Kd(des)) was also observed in montmorillonite mineral (21.45 µg ml-1). Montmorillonite thusdisplayed increased sorption capacity for PyBlm among all tested minerals. Hysteresis coefficient ranged from 0.58 to3. The results were statistically evaluated by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Furthermore, statisticalevaluation done with the help of Minitab 17 expressed the good fitting of the obtained results, which was shown bymeans of residual plots. Current research which suggests the variable adsorption and desorption of PyBlm expresses theprofound dependence of PyBlm interaction on the physicochemical characteristics of the selected minerals. Allminerals except montmorillonite expressing poor adsorption signifying the percolation of PyBlm through them towardsthe lower soil profiles. Results obtained in the present research show of that montmorillonite in firmly interacting withthe PyBlm molecules and thus alleviating the possibility of PyBlm percolation to lower soil profiles.

Multidrug resistance and infectious disease have enormous spread despite drug discovery and development advancements. 1, 2, 4 -triazoles have been extensively studied, playing an imperative role in many pathologic conditions. A series of Schiff base triazoles; derived from Indole -3- acetic acid with substituted Benzaldehydes (5a-5g) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated through various Spectroanalytical techniques. SwissADME was used to assess physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic drug-likeliness behavior. (5a-5g) were evaluated for their varied biological potential through antioxidant, antimicrobial, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxic evaluation. Schiff bases express drug-like nature as they follow Lipinski’s rule of five. 5b showed good antioxidant potential in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total reducing power (TRP) assays and was most active in the library in % free radical scavenging assay (%FRSA), showing 32% inhibition at 50 μg/mL concentration. Compounds showed antibacterial activity against various tested strains. 5e and 5f showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 3.12 μg/mL for P.aeruginosa and K.pneumoniae, respectively. In the antifungal assay, only 5e inhibited one strain with a zone of inhibition >6 mm. These synthetic molecules possess good cytotoxic potential in the Brine Shrimp Lethality screening; 5c, 5d, and 5f exhibited LC50 =5.7 μg/mL. In the protein kinase inhibition assay, 5a, 5b, and 5g demonstrated inhibitory potential, showcasing the zone of inhibition as 7.5–10.5 mm for the bald one and 6–7.5 for the clear zone. These findings suggest that the compounds have antibacterial and cytotoxic potential, and there is a chance for further research and development in this area.

Background: Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) is common in obstetrics and management of such patients depends on whether the rupture has occurred or not. With membranes ruptured the fetus is deprived of protection provided within the amniotic cavity. Beta-Human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-HCG) is a hormone and is present in high concentration in amniotic fluid as well as in the blood and urine of the mother and is studied as possible predictor of preterm labour and as marker of PROM. Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of B-hCG & nitrazine paper test in vaginal washings taking amniotic fluid pooling as gold standard for diagnosing premature rupture of membranes. Material & Methods: It was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted at Unit Department, of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. After that vaginal washings were taken for β-hCG testing. A pregnancy test kit (Accu Check) was used for detection of β-hCG in vaginal fluid washings. According to amount of µ-hCG in the washings the result has been positive as early as 40 Seconds but for labeling the result negative 5 minutes complete reaction time has been observed. On netrizine kit, the positive test is indicated by distinct colour band on both; control and test side. Results: Mean age of women was 27.17+4.55 years. Mean age of gestation was 36.16 + 3.30 weeks. Sensitivity & specificity of Nitrazine Paper Test were 92.17% & 66.67%. However the PPV & NPV for Nitrazine Paper Test was 98.15% & 30.77% respectively. Sensitivity & specificity of β-hCG Test was 94.35% & 75%. However the PPV & NPV for β-hCG test was 98.64% & 40.91% respectively. Conclusion: Results of this stud y showed that B-subunit of hCG measured by over-the-counter available pregnancy test kit is a dependable quick and easy test for detection of premature rupture of membranes. This test can be performed on the bed side of the patient without Lab involvement. This test can be promoted as an additional help for the diagnosis of doubtful and ambiguous cases of premature rupture of membranes.

Background: Placenta Previa is one of the major obstetric complication. It is a serious condition that may lead to severe morbidity and mortality. The risk of cesarean and blood loss, particularly, in emergency cesarean section. Objective: To compare the mean blood loss and need for blood or blood products with emergency versus elective cesarean section in females with placenta previa. Study design: Cohort study. Settings: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. Duration: 3 months (April to June 2020). Method: Sample size of 70 patients were enrolled in the study through Non Probability, Consecutive Sampling. Patients of age 20-40 years, presented >24 weeks of pregnancy, with diagnosis of placenta previa were included. Then females were booked and were followed-up in OPD till delivery. Emergency cesarean section was done if active labor and bleeding started while elective cesarean was done on given date for delivery. Intraoperative blood loss and need for blood or blood components transfusion was noted. Data was recorded on proforma and analyzed by using SPSS version 22. Results: The mean age of females in emergency group was 30.80 ± 4.36 years and mean age of females in elective group was 31.06 ± 3.76 years. The mean gestational age of females at delivery in emergency group was 35.74 ± 2.89 weeks and in elective group was37.54 ± 0.70 weeks. The average blood loss during emergency caesarean section was 1471.43 ± 891.65 ml while during elective cesarean section, average blood loss was 1042.86 ± 402.41 ml (p<0.05). In emergency caesarean group, 7 (20%) did not require blood transfusion while 28 (80%) required blood transfusion. In elective caesarean group, 21 (60%) did not require blood transfusion while 14 (40%) required blood transfusion (p<0.05). Conclusion: Though this study, we found significantly higher blood loss and need for blood transfusion in emergency caesarean section as compared to elective caesarean sections for placenta previa.

The adsorption and desorption phenomenon of synthesized Benzimidazole based fungicide, 2-(3’-pyridyl)benzimidazole (PyBlm), was investigated by batch equilibrium method. Four soil minerals were utilized for thesorption studies including; alumina, silica, muscovite and montmorillonite. Highest value of adsorption coefficient(Kd(ads)), obtained for montmorillonite mineral (Mx (Al, Fe, Mg4) Si8O20 (OH4)) was 2779 µg ml-1. Highest rate ofadsorption is attributable to its considerably large surface area of 628 m2g-1 and highest inter-lattice d-spacing, 10 Å.Highest desorption (Kd(des)) was also observed in montmorillonite mineral (21.45 µg ml-1). Montmorillonite thusdisplayed increased sorption capacity for PyBlm among all tested minerals. Hysteresis coefficient ranged from 0.58 to3. The results were statistically evaluated by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Furthermore, statisticalevaluation done with the help of Minitab 17 expressed the good fitting of the obtained results, which was shown bymeans of residual plots. Current research which suggests the variable adsorption and desorption of PyBlm expresses theprofound dependence of PyBlm interaction on the physicochemical characteristics of the selected minerals. Allminerals except montmorillonite expressing poor adsorption signifying the percolation of PyBlm through them towardsthe lower soil profiles. Results obtained in the present research show of that montmorillonite in firmly interacting withthe PyBlm molecules and thus alleviating the possibility of PyBlm percolation to lower soil profiles.