In this paper, the optical emission spectrum (OES) technique was used to analyze the spectrum resulting from the (CdO:CoO)  plasma in air, produced by Nd:YAG laser with λ=1064 nm, τ=10 ns, a focal length of 10 cm, and a range of energy of 200-500 mJ. We identified laser-induced plasma parameters such as electron temperature (Te) using Boltzmann plot method, density of electron (ne), length of Debye (λD), frequency of plasma (fp), and number of Debye (ND), using two-Line-Ratio method. At a mixing ratio of X= 0.5, the (CdO:CoO) plasma spectrum was recorded for different energies. The results of plasma parameters caused by laser showed that, with the increase in laser energy, the values of Te, ne and fp were increased, while the value of λD was decreased. The calculated electron temperature value was in the range of 0.449-0.619 eV at ratio X=0.5

In this work, (CdO)1-x (CoO)x thin films were prepared on glass slides by laser-induced plasma using Nd:YAG laser with (λ=1064 nm) and duration (9 ns) at different laser energies (200-500 mJ) with ratio (x=0.5), The influence of laser energy on structural and optical properties has been studied. XRD patterns show the films have a structure of polycrystalline wurtzite. As for AFM tests results for the topography of the surface of the film, where the results showed that the grain size and the average roughness increase with increasing laser energy. The optical properties of all films were also studied and the results showed that the absorption coefficient for within the wavelength range (280-1100 nm), The value of the optical power gap for direct transitions was shown to be reduced by increasing laser energy within the range (4.29-3.7 eV).

The laser-generated plasma was characterized using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy after fundamental radiation from a Nd:YAG laser with an energy range of 300–500[Formula: see text]mJ was focused onto a magnesium target. Using magnesium emission lines and Boltzmann plots, the plasma parameters were computed based on experimental data. The plasma electron temperature varied between (2.36–3.12) eV as a function of laser energy, while the density of electrons varied between (1.02–1.49[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm3 at ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm). These values grew as laser irradiation increased, albeit at varied rates depending on the wavelength.