The study presents a detailed geomorphological characterization of the volcanic mountains of Transcarpathia. Materials of previous geological researches, including the Transcarpathian geological exploration expedition, supplemented by the results of our own field researches, are systematized. Based on the analysis of relief forms and taking into account geomorphological and tectonic factors, Vyhorlat-Gutyn morphostructure of the second order is divided into morphostructures of the third order: Poprychny, Antaliv-Synyatska, Velykyi Dil, Tupy and Oash, which in turn are divided into morphostructures of lower orders. The Mukachevo morphostructure of the second order is composed of the following morphostructures of the third order: Beregovo hills, Kosino-Biganski hills, volcanic remains (Shalanka, Chorna Gora). Based on a detailed analysis of the collected materials, it was determined that the main role in shaping the modern relief of volcanic mountains belongs to channel and temporary water flows and weathering processe; consequently, river valleys and weathering surfaces were formed, which are the most important morphosculptures. On the basis of morphological and structurallithological approach, as well as own field research, a geomorphological map of the volcanic mountains mountains of Transcarpathia on a scale of 1: 100,000 was compiled.

The purpose of the article is to identify trends in the operation of hotels in the Transcarpathian region in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, based on the ratio of the indicators of the dynamics of tourist flows and the occupancy rate of enterprises. It is obvious that small hotel enterprises of Transcarpathian region make a significant part of the hospitality segment of the region – they are the ones who receive a large part of guests/visitors/tourists. The activities of most of them are diversified, small-scale and somewhat isolated, these factors have softened the impact of strict quarantine restrictions introduced at different times in 2020-2021. Therefore, the research methodology is based on a sample of questionnaires – interviews provided by 30 enterprises. The research was conducted in the period from January to April 2021, when the restrictions of the red quarantine zone were introduced in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, a literature review of scientific works of domestic and foreign authors was conducted, whose publications relate to some aspects of this research. Much of the research concerns the state and current functioning of the tourism or hospitality industry during the pandemic and the business innovations they employ during the crisis. The results of the survey reflect the highly indicative dynamics of tourist flows in the Transcarpathian region in the period 2000-2020, showing pronounced peaks in the number of visitors (2000, 2003, 2008) and their decline (2001, 2004, 2019), as well as periods of low tourist activity (2014-2016) due to the military and political situation in Ukraine. The study describes the occupancy trends of small and medium-sized hotels in the region for the period 2018-2020. These trends clearly show the consequences of the crisis phenomena that occurred in the economy and society due to the global pandemic. The practical implications of the study lie in possible further recommendations for management decisions that will allow to increase the competitiveness of the hospitality and tourism sector in the region, as well as to implement effective measures in possible crisis situations. Value/originality. Information about the reaction and details of the operation of hotel enterprises of the Transcarpathian region during the global pandemic crisis is useful for understanding the work of the tourism sector in general at different levels – from local to state.

Soil is the main means of production in agriculture. One of the main dominant factors of transformation and deterioration of soils is human economic activity. The plowing of agricultural lands, depletion of soil cover, industrial pollution, excessive degradation are among them. Reducing the area of agricultural lands directly affects agriculture and leads to lower yields. It can cause an environmental and economic crisis, both in a particular region and in the country as a whole. Therefore, the study of the state of agricultural lands years is paid more and more attention and is an urgent task of researchers in recent. The article is devoted to the study of the current ecological condition of soils in Irshava and Kamianske united territorial communities, Zakarpattia region. The assessment was performed on the following indicators: the content of humus, microelements (Zn, Pb), nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, acidity, nitrates, nitrites. The obtained results showed that exceeding the maximum allowable concentrations in the selected soil samples for any of the elements (Zn, Pb) is not observed. The highest value of the eco-pollutants content was set for the Irshava city, especially for areas close to the road. In addition, it should also be taken into account that the intensive use of lands for agriculture with the introduction of mineral and traditional organic fertilizers in medium doses increases the level of heavy metals in soils. The studied soils have the low content of total lead: from 11.6 to 18.1 mg / kg. This value of Pb concentration in the samples is caused by the relationship between fixed forms of ecopolyutant and humus content. Humus content in studied areas equals 0,75 – 1,45% and corresponds to the low supply of soils with organic matter and the composition of soil-formed rocks. The soils of these areas were found to have a medium acid pH of 4,6-5,04 and correspond to a low humus content, obviously due to the high level of the agricultural lands plowing and a decrease in the amount of the organic fertilizers. But in general, the soils of this farm are fit for growing fruit crops. Keywords: soil, degradation; soil cover; soil fertility; degradation processes; soil protection; heavy metals; humus; soil quality deterioration; land protection.