The objective of the article is to analyze the method of calculating the efficiency of high-tech clusters and alternative models of their development. Method. The methodological basis of the study is a series of general and specific cognition methods. In the research process, the following were used: the formal-logical method, the system and the structural, comparative-legal, logical-legal and other scientific research methods. Results of the investigation. Four groups of efficiency indicators of the organizational and economic regulation mechanism of the administrative activity of a business cluster are defined. The difference between traditional industrial clusters and innovation clusters is considered. Examples of successful cluster operation in some countries around the world are studied. Practical meaning. It is emphasized that the efficiency of the cluster, and therefore its development, is significantly influenced by the availability of scientific potential and activity of research institutes, as well as access to non-reimbursable funds (institutions, agencies) and the operation of technology parks. Value / originality. It is observed that due to globalization, the role of clusters in competition is increasingly important. In this context, the forms of cluster development in Ukraine were proposed, as well as examples of successful clusters in Ukraine were considered.

кандидат економічних наук, доцент кафедри міжнародного бізнесу Інституту міжнародних відносин Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка Пилипенко Б.Г.

У статті досліджуються питання впливу блокчейн-революції на економічну систему та бізнессередовище. Вивчення сучасної технології розподіленого реєстру (блокчейну) і можливостей його застосування в різних сферах людської діяльності, зокрема в бізнесі. Корпорації, організації та підприємства впроваджують використання технології блокчейну, намагаючись знайти застосування та отримати переваги від даної технології зараз і в майбутньому. У статті здійснено дослідження особливостей нових систем зберігання даних -blockchain, переваг та ризиків, які існують для учасників мережі створення блоків та ланцюгів даних. Розглянуто визначення поняття blockchain, його основних переваг та недоліків. Проаналізовано принцип, згідно із яким працює blockchain. Серед інших визначено найсильніші сторони захисту blockchain від хакерських атак, або змін складових ланцюгів та блоків.Ключові слова: блокчейн, приватний блокчейн, технології блокчейн.В статье исследуются вопросы влияния блокчейн-революции на экономическую систему и бизнес-среда. Изучение современной технологии распределенного реестра (блокчейну) и возможности его применения в различных сферах человеческой деятельности, в частности в бизнесе. Корпорации, организации и предприятия внедряют использование технологии блокчейну, пытаясь найти применение и получить преимущества от данной технологии сейчас и в будущем. В статье проведено исследование особенностей новых систем хранения данных -blockchain, пре-ВИПУСК № 6(80), 2020 ПР ОБЛЕМИ СИСТЕМНОГО ПІДХОДУ В ЕКОНОМІЦІ имуществ и рисков, которые существуют для участников сети создания блоков и цепей данных. Рассмотрены определение понятия blockchain, его основных преимуществ и недостатков. Проанализированы принцип, согласно которому работает blockchain. Среди других определено сильные стороны защиты blockchain от хакерских атак, или изменений составляющих цепей и блоков.Ключевые слова: блокчейн, приватний блокчейн, технології блокчейн.The article examines the impact of the blockchain revolution on the economic system and business environment. Study of modern technology of the distributed register (blockchain) and possibilities of its application in various spheres of human activity, in particular in business. Corporations, organizations and businesses are implementing the use of blockchain technology, trying to find applications and benefit from this technology now and in the future. This article studies the features of new data storage systems -blockchain, advantages and risks that exist for the participants of the network for creating blocks and data chains. The definition of the concept of blockchain, its main advantages and disadvantages are defined. The principle under which the blockchain works is analyzed. Among others, the strongest aspects of blockchain protection from hacker attacks, or changes in the components of chains and blocks, are defined. The main advantages and risks of using blockchain are determined. Furthermore non cryptocurrency areas in which blockchain can also be used are analyzed. Several examples of using th...

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The peculiarities of gemstone market functioning under the impact of globalization are examined. Modern condition of financial stabilization in world is defined and main features of gemstones are outlined. Negative impact of illegal market on socio-economic development of countries, namely on revenues to the country’s budget from the business, is revealed. The importance of the problem of transferring most of gemstones processing operations beyond the countries of production is emphasized. Poor public control over the circulation of precious stones is proven. The challenges are substantiated to be aggravating under the impact of globalization. The diamonds market, which has peculiar high demand, is analyzed: diamonds and derivatives account for 85% of global turnover. Application of managerial strategies for gemstones market to efficiently use resources is defined to be complicated by the fact that managerial strategies impact the high cost of product items and its variability; unique features; intangible qualities; complicated processing. More environmentally friendly production and social responsibility are confirmed to have impact on forming of demand on gemstones. Investment attractiveness of gemstones, except for diamonds, is proven to be low. Condition of production and consumption of diamonds is analyzed. Development condition of the market segment – non-diamonds gemstones – is shown. The activity of small enterprises and households engaged in gemstones production is confirmed to be characterized by chaotic and complicated nature of broker networks, leading to aggravated global challenges. The paper defines that expansion of spectrum and emergence of new opportunities for illegal activity, reduced income and loss of other types of economic benefits, growing negative ecological and social impact, growing exploitation of workers at illegal enterprises remain to be the global challenges of gemstones market functioning. The author suggests increasing of social and ecological responsibility of business, strengthening of the state regulating functions and promotion of gemstones market legalization in order to reduce the challenges.