One of the main factors influencing the country's economic growth is human potential. The weak social policy of the state, namely, the perfection of the health care system, education, social protection of the population, employment, and the law-enforcement system, leads to negative consequences for the loss of the human potential of the country. In turn, this dynamics is characterized by irreversible losses of human potential as a result of illnesses and the emigration of able-bodied citizens abroad, the loss of "intellectual (intellectual) potential", the refusal of young people to give birth to children due to their low standard of living, and lack of confidence in the future.  Losing Ukraine's human potential may in turn slow down economic development in the middle of the country, to the loss of the traditionally high level of human potential of Ukraine and, by weakening the country's overall potential, to the risk of territorial claims of neighboring countries.

The article is concentrated on the study of the possibilities of enlargement the terminological aspect of the international issues of mass media due to the use of current conceipts and terms of scientific literature upon international relations. The author’s attention is focused on the approaches conceiving the complicated conflict landscape of today. The problem of defining the term the Gray Zone (or Grey Zone) and the possibility of using relevant terms in the journalistic text while analyzing modern international conflicts is considered in detail. It is proposed to deepen the level of analysis of hybrid war phenomena due to the use of the terms “complicated conflict landscape/“gray zone”/“gray strategy” by journalists writing on international topics. With regard to the Russian-Ukrainian war, the correct use of the terms of international issues of mass media is of great importance. In terms of the application of concepts and terms, it is necessary to distinguish in which journalistic genres the author is expected to address this problem, namely, which material is being written: is it informational or analytical one. According to the informational genres, if the mass media reports on a separate event that is clearly in the context of the “gray zone” phenomenon, a brief description of the level of the complicated conflict landscape can act as a background. Analytical genres look quite promising because of a more complex terminological level is assumed. In its further perspectives, the research is focused on the optimization of the practical side, the available results of the study can be used to improve the training of international journalists, in particular, it seems quite logical to take a future scientific task to clarify the terms of a secondary level.

Анотація В статті розглядається позиція провідних діячів ліберальної та консервативної партії щодо проблем взаємодії англіканської та католицької церков в ХІХ ст. Головний акцент робиться на суспільних та політичних результатах емансипації католиків в англійському суспільстві в очах протестантських чи скептично налаштованих політичних діячів та мислителів. Порівнюється класичне консервативне та ліберальне бачення проблеми.

The article analyzes the ideas of European political integration as the famous British journalist William Thomas Stead stated in his work “The United States of Europe on the eve of the Parliament of Peace” (1899). It examines the so-called “international crusade of peace”, the leading provisions of the Euro-integration concept activities of W. T. Stead. The author emphasizes the progressiveness and originality of the journalist’s approaches, and emphasizes his innovative proposals and compares the positions of W. T. Stead with the standards of behavior of a Victorian man, examines his moral and ethical attitudes towards the war, the problems of the growth of arms of the European countries of the late 19th century, and the aggressive foreign policy. As W. T. Stead wrote in his “The United States of Europe on the eve of the Parliament of Peace”, the European integration means departure from militarism and coming to disarmament, that is the absence of armed conflicts at all. The pacifist, peaceful principles of W. T. Stead are emphasized against the background of the broader imperial policy of the late Victorian Britain, and the issues of journalist perceptions of militarism, imperialism, the problems of arms and international relations, and the foreign policy of his native country are highlighted. W. T. Stead’s high expectations about the eve of the next step in the progress of human society far away from the cruelties of war were emphasized. In the article was stated that W. T. Stead thought it would be better for an imperialist Britain to limit itself within the patriotic and reasonable political line at the same time. The issues of peace and war in Britain were shown, and the increased lethality of weapons and the anomalous chaos of warfare of the end of the 19th century. The author comes to a conclusion of the sincerity, objectivity, impartiality, progressiveness of the views of W. T. Stead, who considered the process of European integration as the one of the stages of building a better human society in the world.

The article is devoted to the study of the development of the source criticism’s knowledge in the Imperial Novorossiya University which was founded in the second half of the XIX century in Odesa. Grounding on a large complex of general scientific methods, and a historical method and source criticism, the authors identified the stages of the formation of source criticism in the process of teaching historical disciplines at the university, what they based on an analysis of the teaching activities of professors and associate professors of the Faculty of History and Philology. In the article, the development of the foundations of source criticism is considered as a complex process, which in Western European and Russian science was the result of the development of the theory and practice of everyday dialogue between scientists and historical sources. This process had a great influence on the advancement of a historical education in university, which was one of the important factors in the formation of source studies as a scientific discipline. The history of individual scientific disciplines cannot be understood outside the context of the development of science altogether, therefore the authors paid attention to the change of scientific paradigms in the period under the study. It is noted that reforms in the field of education and the development of European historical knowledge have become the main components of the formation of historians, who, with their scientific activities at the theoretical and practical levels, contributed to the development of the special historical disciplines. The article reveals a gradual increase in the number of courses taught at the historical department of the Faculty of History and Philology, in which teachers used the opportunity to teach students to work with various types and kinds of sources. The authors examine the contribution of the historians of Odesa in the XIX – early XX century in the process of institutionalization of historical disciplines, in the formation of a complex of special historical disciplines, which resulted in the actualization of their scientific works in subsequent years. As a result of the study, the authors came to the conclusion that the professors of the departments of general and Russian history, with their teaching and scientific activities, laid the foundations of source criticism as a special scientific discipline, raising theoretical problems in their lecture courses, and at the training workshops, teaching students how to work with sources in practical terms.