Tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TDBP-TAZTO or TBC) is a heterocyclic hexabromated flame retardant. It is widely used during the production of many synthetic compounds. High concentrations of TDBP-TAZTO were found in river water, surface sediments, soil, earthworms, and carp tissues. Moreover, it has been shown that this compound can cross the blood–brain barrier and accumulate in the gut and brain of carp. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been characterized as a multifunctional intracellular sensor and receptor. AhR is an activator of cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1A2, which metabolize various toxic compounds. The aim of the study was to explain how/whether TDBP-TAZTO increases the expression and/or activity of the CYP1A1 enzyme and the AhR and TUBB3 expression during SH-SY5Y cell differentiation. SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated for 7 and 14 days using retinoic acid. Cell viability, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, and mRNA expression of CYP1A1, AhR, and TUBB3 were assessed. Our experiment showed that, during the differentiation process, the ability of TDBP-TAZTO to induce EROD activity in SH-SY5Y cells subsequently decreased, which may have been an effect of cell differentiation into neurons. Moreover, the results suggest that TDBP-TAZTO can affect the differentiation process. Since no CYP2B6 mRNA expression was detected, the CAR receptor may not be involved in the TDBP-TAZTO mechanism of action. However, more research is needed in this field to elucidate this mechanism precisely.

This paper is interdisciplinary and combines the research perspective of medical studies with that of media and social communication studies and theological studies. The main goal of this article is to determine [from arguments on all sides of the issue] whether, and to what extent, statements issued by a religious authority can be used as an argument in the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. The authors also want to find answers to the questions of how the pope’s comments affect public opinion when they concern the sphere of secular and everyday life, including issues related to health care. The main method used in this study is desktop research and the analysis of the Roman Catholic Church’s teaching on vaccination and on the types and significance of the pope’s statements on various topics. The auxiliary methods are sentiment analysis and network analysis made in the open source software Gephi. The authors are strongly interested in the communication and media aspect of the analyzed situation. Pope Francis’ voice on the COVID-19 vaccination has certainly been noticed and registered worldwide, but the effectiveness of his message and direct impact on Catholics’ decisions to accept or refuse the COVID-19 vaccination is quite questionable and would require further precise research. Comparing this to the regularities known from political marketing, one would think that the pope’s statement would not convince the firm opponents of vaccination.

STRESZCZENIEWstęp. Utrzymywanie równowagi zarówno statycznej, jak i dynamicznej zależy od prawidłowego funkcjonowania systemu kontroli postawy, utrzymującego rzut środka ciężkości ciała (COP, center of feet pressure) w obrębie pola podparcia oraz zdolnego przeciwdziałać zewnętrznym siłom mogącym destabilizować postawę. Badanie za pomocą platformy stabilometrycznej Cosmogamma by Emildue dostarcza cennych i znaczących klinicznie danych o szerokim spektrum zastosowania. Cel pracy. Celem pracy była analiza wybranych parametrów przemieszczania środka nacisku stóp na podłoże, przy użyciu komputerowej platformy balansowej jako metody badania zdolności utrzymania równowagi. Materiał i metody. Badaną grupę stanowiło 27 podopiecznych Domu Pomocy Społecznej w Rzeszowie. Metodami badawczymi były: ankieta, stanowiąca kryterium do drugiej części badania, które przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem platformy Cosmogamma by Emildue. Badanie składało się z trzech 60-sekundowych prób: I próba: z otwartymi oczami -po czym nastąpiła przerwa 15 minut; II próba: z otwartymi oczami -po czym nastąpiła przerwa 60 sekund; III próba: z zamkniętymi oczami. Wyniki. Analiza wszystkich obserwowanych parametrów wykazała, że w przypadku zdecydowanej większości analizowanych danych największymi wartościami parametrów charakteryzowała się próba z zamkniętymi oczami. Wystąpiły także różnice pomiędzy dwoma próbami z otwartymi oczami -II próba charakteryzowała się mniejszymi wartościami analizowanych parametrów. Wykazano, że zachodzą istotne statystycznie zależności prędkości w danej płaszczyźnie od odchylenia w tej płaszczyźnie, a także wieku od długości ścieżki. Ponadto zaobserwowano, że wartości obserwowanych parametrów nie zależą od płci. Wnioski. Wraz z wiekiem spada zdolność utrzymania równowagi w pozycji stojącej. Płeć nie ma istotnego znaczenia w ocenie poziomu równowagi. Wyłączenie kontroli wzroku wpływa niekorzystnie na stabilność posturalną. Istotnym czynnikiem wpływającym na poprawę zdolności utrzymywania równowagi jest element treningu.Słowa kluczowe: równowaga fi zyczna, ryzyko upadków, Cosmogamma.ABSTRACT Introduction. Maintaining balance, both static and dynamic which depends on the proper functioning of the postural control system persisting a center of gravity (COP center of feet pressure) within a fi eld support and able to counteract the external forces that could destabilize attitude. The study via the platform stabilometric Cosmogamma by Emildue provides valuable and clinically relevant data on a wide range of applications. Aim. The aim of the study was to analyze selected parameters of pressure center moving feet on the ground, using computerized balance platform as a method of testing the ability to maintain a balance. Material and methods. The study group consisted of 27 charges Nursing Home in Rzeszow. Research methods were interview, which is a criterion for the second part of the study, which was conducted using the platform Cosmogamma by Emildue. The study consisted of three 60-second samples: The fi rst test: with open eyes -an...

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Balance disorders are the main concern for patients after an ischemic stroke. They are caused by an abnormal force on the affected side or paresis, which causes uneven loading and visuospatial disorders. Minimizing the effects of stroke is possible through properly conducted rehabilitation. One of the known ways to achieve this objective is biological feedback. The lack of proper muscle tone on one side of the body is manifested by the uneven pressure of the lower extremities on the ground. The study and control groups were composed of two equal groups of 92 people each, in which the same set of kinesiotherapeutic exercises were applied. Patients in the study group, in addition to standard medical procedures, exercised five days a week on a Balance Trainer for four weeks. The examination and training with the device were recorded on the first day of rehabilitation, as well as after two and four weeks of training. The assessment was performed using the following functional tests and scales: Brunnström, Rankin, Barthel, Ashworth, and VAS. Patients in the control group started exercising on the Balance Trainer two weeks after the first day of rehabilitation using traditional methods. The study results reveal statistically significant reductions in the time the body’s center of gravity (COG) spent in the tacks, outside the tracks and in the COG distance, lower COG excursions in all directions. Post-stroke patients that received biofeedback training presented significantly better results than patients that did not receive such training.