A penguin cap can be an effective method to avoid alopecia in patients receiving chemotherapy drugs. However, it is important to bear in mind that because of individual characteristics, liver function and drug regimens it is not successful in all cases.

Background: Functional constipation is among the most common problems of childhood. Children's life quality is affected by constipation. In addition, constipation can bring about undesirable physical and psychic consequences. However, follow-up programs can solve the problem and assure the patient about continuing treatment. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of nurse-based approaches on functional chronic constipation in children. Methods: This is a clinical trial study conducted from August to December 2013 in Imam Reza clinic. The sample size was 95 children who were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental (47 persons) and control (48 persons). The mean age in the experimen-

Based on the results of the study, this questionnaire had appropriate validity and reliability to assess the knowledge and attitude of general practitioners about andropause.