We report measurements of cross sections for the reaction 1 H(e,eЈK ϩ )Y , for both the ⌳ and ⌺ 0 hyperon states, at an invariant mass of Wϭ1.84 GeV and four-momentum transfers 0.5ϽQ 2 Ͻ2 (GeV/c) 2 . Data were taken for three values of virtual photon polarization ⑀, allowing the decomposition of the cross sections into longitudinal and transverse components. The ⌳ data are a revised analysis of prior work, whereas the ⌺ 0 results have not been previously reported.

The authors have developed a method to evaluate the residual seismic capacity of reinforced concrete structures damaged by earthquakes, which is employed in the Guideline for Post-Earthquake Damage Evaluation and Rehabilitation. Presented in this paper are outlines of the damage rating procedures based on the residual seismic capacity index R, defined as the ratio of residual seismic capacity to original capacity. The procedure was applied to low-rise reinforced concrete buildings damaged in recent earthquakes in Japan including the 1995 Hyogo-Ken-Nambu (Kobe) Earthquake and its validity was discussed. Good agreement between the residual seismic capacity index R and damage levels observed in damaged buildings was found. Moreover, nonlinear seismic response analyses of single-degree-of-freedom (SDF) systems were carried out. It was observed that the residual seismic capacity of a damaged RC building structure can be evaluated conservatively according to the R index employed in the Guideline, and from a practical point of view, the R index is an effective way to identify the safety of damaged structures against aftershocks.

Damage level classification is essential just after a damaging earthquake for decision of appropriate and necessary action in order to prevent from repeated damage due to after-shocks and future major earthquake, and to support well-organized recovery. Therefore, accurate and practical post-earthquake damage evaluation method has been studied and developed in Japan. This paper overviews state-of-the-art of post-earthquake damage and residual seismic capacity for reinforced concrete buildings in Japan. Japanese Damage Evaluation Guideline was originally issued in 1990 and revised in 2000 and 2015. Evaluation of residual seismic capacity of whole building was introduced in the 2000 revision, in which deterioration of each structural component is evaluated based on damage level considering residual crack, crush of concrete and so on. Total collapse mechanism and damage in non-structural concrete wall were taken into the scope in the 2015 revision. Recently, residual seismic capacity evaluation based on response spectrum method is studied by authors. Basic concept of these method and application example are presented.

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The 1 H͑e, e 0 K 1 ͒L reaction was studied as a function of the squared four-momentum transfer, Q 2 , and the virtual photon polarization,´. For each of four Q 2 settings, 0.52, 0.75, 1.00, and 2.00 ͑GeV͞c͒ 2 , the longitudinal and transverse virtual photon cross sections were extracted in measurements at three virtual photon polarizations. The Q 2 dependence of the s L ͞s T ratio differs significantly from current theoretical predictions. This, combined with the precision of the measurement, implies a need for revision of existing calculations. [S0031-9007 (98) Flavor degrees of freedom provide qualitatively new tests of our understanding of baryon and meson structure. The electromagnetic production of kaons is important for further progress in many fields and subfields of physics such as hypernuclear production and spectroscopy ͑ ͑ ͑providing information complementary to that from hadronic reactions such as ͑K, p͒, ͑p, K͒, and ͑p, p 0 K͒ [1,2]͒ ͒ ͒, and some aspects of QCD model building ͑ ͑ ͑the ͑g, K͒ and the ͑e, e 0 K͒ reactions are important for an improved understanding of the basic coupling constants needed in various nucleon-meson and quark models [3]͒ ͒ ͒ to name only a few. The use of virtual photons (electroproduction) as opposed to real photons (photoproduction) offers access to a much richer body of information because both the virtual photon mass and polarization can be varied independently [4].This Letter is a report on the first results of a study of associated kaon electroproduction on hydrogen using the medium-energy, high-intensity, electron beam at the Jefferson Laboratory (formerly CEBAF). The excellent beam qualities of the CEBAF accelerator combined with precision magnetic spectrometers allowed a detailed 0031-9007͞98͞81(9)͞1805(4)$15.00