These results suggest that long-term treatment with ATX improved prefrontal hemodynamic activity in AD/HD children, and NIRS may be useful for assessment of the prefrontal hemodynamic response to ATX treatment.
<i>Aims:</i> The aim was to measure the prefrontal cortical activity involved in shifting spatial attention to visual stimuli in the left or right visual field using near-infrared spectroscopy. <i>Methods:</i> Eleven participants performed a simple vigilance task, an endogenous attention task and an exogenous attention task. In the endogenous task, the left or the right side of the center diamond brightened, indicating the side for subsequent target appearance (controlled shift of attention). In the exogenous task, the peripheral squares brightened, indicating the appearance of target in those squares (reflexive shift of attention). <i>Results:</i> Stimuli at validly cued locations were responded to faster than stimuli at invalidly cued locations. Increases in oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) were observed in the right prefrontal cortex throughout the 3 tasks, and in the left prefrontal cortex during the vigilance and the exogenous tasks. In the exogenous task, marked decreases in oxy-Hb were observed in the bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. <i>Conclusions:</i> These results suggest that the left and the right prefrontal cortices mediate distinct cognitive processes during the performance of visuospatial attentional tasks.
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) is a well-known thermosensitive polymer exhibiting a phase transition at 32 C. Here, ultrasonic polymerization of the monomer, N-isopropylacrylamide, in an aqueous solution is reported as a novel reaction. Ultrasound irradiation of an N-isopropylacrylamide aqueous solution for approximately 30 min produced the polymer. The yield and molecular weight (M w ) of the polymer were measured for various temperatures and monomer concentrations. At 15 C (below the critical temperature), the reaction yield did not increase after 1 h. At 33 C (above the critical temperature), however, polymerization continued even 6 h after sonication, producing twice the yield obtained at 15 C. The M w of the polymer obtained at 33 C was 5 Â 10 4 g/mol, approximately five times that at 15 C. #
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