No abstract

A B S T R A C TPurpose: Accommodative micro-fluctuations (AMF) are small dioptric changes during accommodation. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare changes in AMF when wearing silicone hydrogel contact lenses of two different optical designs. Methods: A multi-centre, randomised, cross-over, non-dispensing study was conducted on 68 adapted contact lens wearers aged 25-35 years to compare AMF responses to a spherical and aspheric silicone hydrogel (comfilcon A) lens designs. A Righton Speedy "i" series Auto Refractometer in accommodation analyser mode was utilized before and after reading a standard text in font size 8 on an iPhone 5 for 20 min at a 25 cm viewing distance. Phone screen brightness was set by automatic adjustment mode and ambient illumination was controlled at all sites. Results: Mean ± SD AMF change from before to after the reading task was 2.25 ± 5.6 and 0.13 ± 5.7 (relative values) for the spherical and aspheric lens designs, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.017, Paired t-test). Conclusions: The smaller change in AMF when using an aspheric lens design suggests reduced ciliary muscle stress when reading print on a smart phone at a close distance for short periods (20 min). Contact lens wearers who frequently use digital devices and are experiencing eye strain may benefit from switching from a spherical design to one that incorporates aspheric optics.

No abstract

89postoperative massive foveal hard exudates, visual acuity results, and complications with and without subretinal washout. Result: There was no significant difference in base line demographics between the two groups. Massive foveal hard exudates did not occur in eyes with subretinal washout, but occurred in 29 (57%) of the eyes without subretinal washout (p Ͻ 0.0001) and in 15 eyes which had undergone reoperation with subretinal washout. Visual acuity improved in 54% of the subretinal washout eyes and 45% of the eyes without it. Visual acuity improved to 20/30 or better in 23% of the eyes with subretinal washout and in 8% of the eyes without subretinal washout. There was no serious complication related to subretinal washout. Conclusion: Subretinal washout for subtle subfoveal hard exudates in diabetic macular edema may prevent massive subfoveal exudates and improve visual results. Further study is needed to investigate the pathogenesis. Epidemic Nosocomial Keratoconjunctivitis Caused by Adenovirus Type 4Purpose: To evaluate the clinical features of nosocomial epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) occurring in the ophthalmology ward of Sapporo Medical University Hospital and to devise preventive measures for it.

BackgroundEyestrain is a serious quality of life problem, especially in the workplace. In particular, work at visual display terminals (VDTs) is a common cause of eyestrain. Currently, there are many workers who work at VDTs and tend to feel eyestrain. Rutin, derived from various food plants such as the Japanese pagoda tree (Styphnolobium japonicum), is a known polyphenol compound. Monoglucosyl rutin (MGR) is a highly water-soluble α-glucose adduct of rutin. Previous studies have demonstrated that rutin improved dry eye and also affected the microvascular blood flow in animal experiments. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that MGR could alleviate eyestrain caused by work at VDTs. In this clinical study, we evaluated whether MGR could improve eyestrain in healthy adults.MethodsThis study was designed as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. Twenty healthy Japanese adults who tended to feel eyestrain were recruited to participate. During the first test period, the participants were asked to drink either a test food containing 377 mg of MGR or a placebo food without MGR. After the food intake, the participants did personal computer work at VDT for 30 min and then relaxed for 20 min. We evaluated the participants’ eyestrain using an objective parameter (high-frequency component 1, HFC1) and subjective parameters (visual analog scale). After 7 days, for the second test period, the participants consumed an alternate food following the same protocol as during the first test period. ResultsThe objective parameter of eyestrain (HFC1) was significantly lower in the MGR group than that in the placebo group. The subjective parameters of eyestrain and waist stiffness were improved in the MGR group in comparison with those in the placebo group.ConclusionsMGR supplementation has the potential to objectively and subjectively improve eyestrain symptoms due to VDT use.