Introduction Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is a rare condition characterized by air‐filled cysts within intestinal walls. It can be caused by various factors. We report a case of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis linked to sunitinib treatment for renal cell carcinoma. Case presentation A 67‐year‐old female with advanced renal cell carcinoma who had been treated with sunitinib visited our hospital complaining of abdominal pain. Computed tomography scans showed diffuse air‐filled cystic formation of intestine. We treated with conservative therapy, and she recovered. However, although air‐filled cysts disappeared in the images, intraoperative findings in the resection of a recurrent paracaval lymph node showed a thinning of the intestine. Conclusion It is necessary to consider pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis when a patient using a tyrosine kinase inhibitor complains of abdominal symptoms. It should also be noted that the effect of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis may remain even if pneumatosis disappears from the image on tomography scans.

Standard therapy for metastatic small cell carcinoma of the prostate (SCCP) remains undefined. We have effectively treated relapsed SCCP with amrubicin. A 72-year-old patient, diagnosed with T4N1M0 prostate cancer, started hormonal therapy in May 2012, elsewhere, and his prostate-specific antigen levels remained low. However, pulmonary and hepatic metastases occurred; high neuron-specific enolase levels suggested SCCP, which was confirmed by repeated biopsy at our institution. In October 2016, chemotherapy with irinotecan and cisplatin was initiated for metastases to the lung, liver, and left pelvic lymph nodes, and partial response (PR) was achieved. After six cycles, brain metastases occurred. After ten cycles, his progastrin-releasing peptide levels increased suddenly, and brain and hepatic metastases enlarged. Amrubicin was started in December 2016 and seven cycles were safely completed, with PR and markedly reduced brain metastasis volume, until his pneumonitis-related death in June 2017. Amrubicin may be an effective second-line chemotherapy option for SCCP.

Abbreviations & Acronyms AMACR = a-methyl acyl CoA racemase CD = cluster of differentiation CK = cytokeratin CT = computed tomography NA = not available OS = overall survival PET = positron emission tomography RCC = renal cell carcinoma RFS = recurrence-free survival RMTSCC = renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma RT = radiation therapy WHO = World Health Introduction: Renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma newly added to the World Health Organization classification in 2004.Although it has been considered as a tumor with good prognosis, aggressive cases have recently been reported. Case presentation: A 52-year-old man was diagnosed as having left renal cell carcinoma. Open radical left nephrectomy and left-sided pelvic lymph nodes dissection were performed. Pathological diagnosis revealed a renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma with high nuclear grade and extra-regional lymph nodes metastasis classified as pT3aN0M1. After nephrectomy, metastasis at second lumbar vertebra and lymph nodes recurrence were occurred. Conclusion: This tumor with high nuclear grade may be potentially aggressive and carries a poor prognosis.Some tumors of RMTSCC with high nuclear grade may have an aggressive course with poor prognosis. When diagnosing RMTSCC, clinicians should carefully observe the nuclear grade of the neoplastic cells and the area occupied by these cells with high nuclear grade.

Introduction Refractory fistulas of the bladder are not rare, but they can rarely be closed naturally. Bladder fistulas can be treated in various ways. We report the case of an old woman who had a refractory fistula of the bladder that was able to be repaired with transurethral cystoscopic injection of N ‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate. Case presentation For decades after being treated for cervical cancer in 1970s, the woman frequently suffered from fevers. A computed tomography scan showed pelvic abscess at the left side of her bladder, and cystography showed urine leakage at the wall. Thus, we diagnosed her with a pelvic abscess due to a bladder fistula after radiation. Then, we treated her with drainage, antibiotic agents, and N ‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate. After that, she no longer had fevers, and cystography showed no leakage of urine. Conclusion This result indicates transurethral cystoscopic injection of N ‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate may treat bladder fistulas safely, minimally invasively, and quickly.