Hydrogen related local vibrational modes (LVMs) of ZnO nanoparticles have been studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy in as prepared and high temperature annealed samples. The obtained experimental results confirm the presence of cationic vacancies (VZn) in addition to unintentional hydrogen doping and their complex defects such as VZn–Hi and VZn–HO. After high temperature annealing, hydrogen related LVMs and multiphonon modes disappear. The presence of these complex defects determines the nonradiative and multiphonon recombination processes in the band gap of ZnO due to carrier trapping at deep levels.

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The postmortem study of a classic case of Werner's syndrome is presented. The subject was a Japanese man who died at the age of 39. Major findings included general microsplanchnia, extreme atrophy of the testes and skin, calcified aortic atherosclerosis, an increase of basophils in the pituitary, aspiration pneumonia, chronic pyelonephritis and a meningioma in the occipital area of the brain. Histologically, no osteoporosis was evident in the lumbar spine and iliac bone. The findings suggest that in Werner's syndrome the dominant pathologic factor may be found in connective tissue other than bone.

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