Background:The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms was determined by survey as an initial step in estimating the significance of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Asia and Australia. Methods: The symptom index (0 to 35) and quality-of-life (QOL) index (0 to 6) of the international prostate symptom score were measured in 7588 men in 9 Asian countries and 146 men in Australia.Results: The percentages of Asian men considered to be symptomatic (symptom index 2 8 ) were 18%, 29%, 40%, and 56% in the age groups of 40 to 49, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, and 70 to 79 years, respectively. For Australian men, these figures were 36%, 33"/0, ancl 37% in the 50 to 59, 60 to 69, and 70 to 79 year age groups, respectively. Conclusions: Our estimates indicate that the prevalences of symptomatic men in Asia and Australia are similar to or greater than those in Europe and America, and suggest BPH is similarly common in these areas.

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Incidence of urinary tract infection [UTI] during pregnancy among Pakistani women was examined. Midstream urine was collected from 250 pregnant and 100 control women and streaked on blood agar and incubated. Growth was considered significant if > / = 10[5]/mL bacteria were present. Among the pregnant women, 28.5% had UTI; 30.0% of controls had UTI. Among the pregnant and control women, 24.4% and 20.0% respectively had UTI symptoms, such as incontinence, nocturia and urgency. Symptoms did not correlate with incidence. Socioeconomic status, personal hygiene, education level, pregnancy duration, postcoital washing, contraceptive use and use of underclothing had no significant association with UTI occurrence. A history of past urological problems was associated with an increased incidence of UTI in pregnancy

Objective: To determine the overall prevalence of overactive bladder in Pakistan, and to determine the difference in prevalence in relation to gender. Method: The multicenter study was conducted from February 2017 to October 2018 at 11 institutions across the country, and comprised randomly selected healthy subjects of either gender who were assessed on the basis of symptoms defined by the International Continence Society for overactive bladder. Data was collected using a questionnaire based on the symptoms which was filled for the respondent by designated health workers. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. Results: Of the 1291 respondents, 632(49%) were males with a mean age of 37.8+14.4 years, and 659(51%) were females with a mean age of 38.3+13.7 years. The overall prevalence of overactive bladder was 82(6.4%). Among the males, it was 15(2.4%) and among the females 67(10.2%) (p=0.001). Urgency, frequency and nocturia were reported by 82(6.4%) respondents; 15(1.2%) males and 67(5.2%) females (p=0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of overactive bladder was found to be low when assessed with strict application of the three classical symptoms of the condition. Continuous...