BackgroundCalf diarrhea is a major economic concern in bovine industry all around the world. This study was carried out in order to investigate distribution of virulence genes, pathotypes, serogroups and antibiotic resistance properties of Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic calves.ResultsTotally, 76.45% of 824 diarrheic fecal samples collected from Isfahan, Chaharmahal, Fars and Khuzestan provinces, Iran were positive for E. coli and all of them were also positive for cnf2, hlyA, cdtIII, f17c, lt, st, stx1, eae, ehly, stx2 and cnf1 virulence genes. Chaharmahal had the highest prevalence of STEC (84.61%), while Isfahan had the lowest (71.95%). E. coli serogroups had the highest frequency in 1–7 days old calves and winter season. Distribution of ETEC, EHEC, AEEC and NTEC pathotypes among E. coli isolates were 28.41%, 5.07%, 29.52% and 3.49%, respectively. Statistical analyses were significant for presence of bacteria between various seasons and ages. All isolates had the high resistance to penicillin (100%), streptomycin (98.25%) and tetracycline (98.09%) antibiotics. The most commonly detected resistance genes were aadA1, sul1, aac[3]-IV, CITM, and dfrA1. The most prevalent serogroup among STEC was O26.ConclusionsOur findings should raise awareness about antibiotic resistance in diarrheic calves in Iran. Clinicians should exercise caution when prescribing antibiotics.

No abstract

Babesiosis is a tick-transmitted disease that made happen by haemoprotozean parasites of the genus Babesia and an important tick-disease of dogs and in many species of mammals, which reason light fever, progressive anemia, hemoglobinuria and noticeable splenomegaly and hepatomegaly in dogs and maybe happen death in this cases around the world. The aimed of the current study was to find the presence of the dogs Babesia canis in blood samples species in Iran by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this study, a total of 120 blood samples were collected from the saphenous vein into tubes that contained EDTA of Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari provinces (west of Iran) between January and June 2012. DNA was extracted and PCR were applied for Babesia canis then PCR products were screened. The presence of Babesia canis DNA were detected by PCR from 9 (7.5%) out of 120 dogs. In this comparative study found that the highest infection rate in young dogs less than two years. The results showed a low-frequency of Babesia canis infection in dogs in the Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari provinces (west of Iran), Iran and shows the first molecular detection of B. canis in dogs from Iran and the diagnostic usefulness of PCR method.