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We previously found newborns exhibiting syndactyly of both fore- and hindlimbs in a litter from a pair of Sprague Dawley rats. Continuous breeding of the parental animals yielded pups with the same anomaly in following litters, suggesting that the syndactyly was genetic in origin. In the present study, as all the syndactylous pups died on postnatal day 0, we conducted genetic analyses using 30 phenotypically normal female progeny and the sire. The females were subjected to caesarean section on day 20 of gestation and the fetuses were examined for the phenotypes. The results of the mating experiments suggest that the mutant phenotype is caused by a single autosomal recessive gene at a homozygous condition. As homozygous mutants are lethal at the neonatal stage, the mutant gene was named syndactyly lethal, gene symbol syl. The mutant rats have multiple abnormalities, such as syndactyly, micrognathia, fused/absent/small lung lobes, absent kidney and ureter, small spleen, small uterus, fused phalanges, sternoschisis, absent/detached rib, and splitting/fused/absent/small thoracic vertebra, some of which must be the cause of death on postnatal day 0. This mutant is considered to be useful for investigating the mechanisms and/or pathogenesis of syndactyly, as well as the accompanying malformations.

Highlight1) The stature using anatomical landmark (adductor tubercle) shows high coefficient of determination.2) The regression equations using partial femur measurement show reliable estimated stature.3) One formula could be used to estimate the cadaver's stature in spite of sex difference.Stature estimation from anatomical landmarks in femur using postmortem CT Abstract Objective: The present study aims to assess the correlation between stature and partial femur measurements in Japanese population, using three-dimensional ( Results: Using a mixed-sex regression formula, the R 2 was from 0.644 to 0.766 and actual difference was less than 4.6 cm.Conclusion: Present study showed that femur length measurements, according to the anatomical landmarks obtained from 3DCT VR images, were useful for estimation of the stature, particularly in cases when a total femur bone was not available. Keywords• Postmortem CT