Summary Background 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03471494 . Findings Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit.

Background and objective: Rectus sheath haematoma (RSH) is an uncommon condition that may vary from contained haematoma to life-threatening bleeding. Timely diagnosis and treatment is crucial in this patient population. The aim of the current study was to investigate the results of the different RSH treatment strategies among patients admitted to a surgery department. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of 29 patients treated for RSH in surgery departments of two medical centres from 1 January 2007 to 30 September 2017 was conducted. The patient’s age, sex, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists; physical status classification system), use of anticoagulants, cause of haematoma, radiological data, vital signs, blood investigations, and type of treatment were extracted. The results were analysed according to the type of treatment. Results: The patients’ mean age was 67.6 ± 14.3 years, and the mean duration of in-hospital stay was 10.7 ± 6.7 days. All patients were on anticoagulant treatment, and 82.8% of them had spontaneous haematoma. Nine patients (31%) needed transfusion of packed red blood cells with an average of 2.6 units (range: 1–4). Five patients (17.2%) presented with symptoms and signs of hypovolemic shock, and four of them underwent embolisation. Embolisation was successful in all cases. Open surgery was performed in 6 patients, 8 patients underwent percutaneous drainage, and 10 patients were treated conservatively. Two patients (6.7%) died in our series. Both of these patients had type III RSH. Patients in the conservatively treated group had the shortest hospital stay. There were no readmissions due to repeated haematoma or infection. Conclusions: Embolisation of epigastric arteries is a useful tool to stop bleeding into RSH in patients with unstable haemodynamics. Conservative treatment is comparable to ultrasound (US) drainage of RSH but results in a shorter hospital stay. Type III RSH is associated with a higher death rate.

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[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba] Įvadas Prevencinės ileostomos (PI) dažniausiai formuojamos siekiant apsaugoti žemą tiesiosios žarnos jungtį nuo jos nepakankamumo. PI dažniausiai atliekamos operuojant apatinės tiesiosios žarnos dalies vėžį. Tikslas Apžvelgti PI uždarymo artimuosius rezultatus. Metodika Atlikta retrospektyvi 2015–2017 m. LSMU KK Chirurgijos skyriuje, Koloproktologijos sektoriuje operuotų pacientų, kuriems operacijos metu buvo uždaryta ileostoma, duomenų analizė. Analizuotas amžius, lovadienių skaičius, komplikacijos, nagrinėta, ar buvo taikytas neoadjuvantinis gydymas prieš operaciją, laikas iki iloestomos uždarymo, rezekcijos tipas, jungties rūšis,operacijos trukmė ir pooperacinis laikotarpis. Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta naudojant Microsoft Excel programą. Rezultatai Išanalizuotos 64 pacientų – 34 vyrų (53,12 %) ir 30 moterų (46,88 %) – ligos istorijos. Pacientai operuoti dėl tiesiosios, klubinės, riestinės žarnos navikų ir dėl perforavusio divertikulito. Pacientų amžiaus vidurkis – 64±3,1 metų. Neoadjuvantinis gydymas prieš operaciją skirtas 16 pacientų (25 %). Prevencinė ileostoma buvo uždaryta vidutiniškai po 5,17±0,95 mėnesių. Pacientų hospitalizacijos trukmės vidurkis – 5,7±0,74 dienos. Operacijos trukmė vidutiniškai buvo 75,93±8,57 min. Operacijos metu žarnos segmento rezekcija atlikta 38 pacientams (59,37 %). Suformuotos jungtys: „galas su galu“ – 20 pacientų (52,63 %), „galas su šonu“ – 13 pacientų (34,21 %) ir „šonas su šonu“ – 5 pacientams (13,16 %). Po PI uždarymo ankstyvosios komplikacijos pasireiškė septyniems pacientams (10,94 %). Kraujavimas iš anastomozės vietos pasireiškė dviem pacientams (3,12 %). Vienam iš jų buvo atlikta jungtis „galas į šoną“, kitam – kraštinė rezekcija. Ritmo sutrikimas atsirado dviem pacientams (3,12 %). Žarnų nepraeinamumo simptomai pasireiškė taip pat dviem pacientams (3,12 %). Vienam iš jų buvo atlikta kraštinė rezekcija, kitam – segmento rezekcija ir suformuota jungtis „galas su galu“. Po kraštinės rezekcijos vienam pacientui (1,58 %) susiformavo pilvo sienos abscesas. Pakartotinės operacijos nereikėjo. Išvados 1. Uždarant PI operacijos metu, segmento rezekcija atliekama 59,37 % pacientų. 2. Vidutinis laikas iki ileostomų uždarymo yra penki mėnesiai. 3. Atliekant segmento rezekciją, dažnesnė nesklandi pooperacinė eiga. 4. Palyginti su segmento rezekcijos pooperacine eiga, formuojant jungtį „galas su galu“, laikotarpis po operacijos yra sklandesnis.

Introduction. One of the most common and serious complications of near-postoperative surgery after colon resection with anastomosis is intestinal leakage with a frequency of 1 to 24%. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the factors that may determine the development of this complication. One of the etiological factors behind the development of this complication is the intestinal microbiota, which is playing an increasingly important role in this process. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of comprehensive clinical evidence on the influence of the intestinal microbiota on postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage. Purpose. To evaluate the influence of intestinal microorganisms on anastomotic leakage after elective intestines surgery. Methods. A prospective study was performed at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Hospital, Kaunas Clinics, Clinic of Surgery. There were included patients who underwent colon surgery (right hemicolectomy, left hemicolectomy, sigmoid resection and closure of ileostomy). Intestinal mucosal biopsy performed before restoring intestinal integrity and sent for microbiological and antibiotic examination. Patients were also observed postoperatively for anastomotic leakage. Results. The majority of patients were treated for colon cancer – 46 (92.0%). In 19 patients crop (38.0%) grown one microorganism, in 12 (24.0%) – 2 microorganisms, in 5 (10.0%) – 3 microorganisms, in 1 (2.0%) – 4 types of bacteria. In the most of the crops were observed growth by E. coli – 30 (60.0%), Enterococcus spp. – 12 (24.0%), Bacteroides spp. – 4 (8.0%), Klebsiella oxytoca – 2 (4.0%), Beta hemolytic streptococcus – 2 (4.0%) patients. Citrobacter fundii, Citrobacter brakii, Parabacteroides distasonis, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacteriaceae daacea grew only in 1 (2.0%) patients crop. Postoperative anastomotic leakage diagnosed in 2 (4.0%) patients. Conclusions. The major microorganisms that grown were E. coli. Due to the small sample, tendency can not be predicted, but microorganisms that promote small blood vessels thrombosis may be one of the factors that cause anastomotic leakage.