The objective of this study was to verify the influence of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARγ2 gene in response of a training program on the body composition. Sixty-nine previously inactive men and women (32.8 ± 8.2 years) were genotyped and underwent a 12-week aerobic (running/walking) training program (3-5 sessions, 40-60 min per session, and intensity between the aerobic and anaerobic threshold) (experimental group n = 53) or were part of the control group (n = 16). They were tested for aerobic capacity (ergospirometry), body composition (DXA), abdomen, waist and hip circumferences and nutritional assessment before and 48 h after the experimental protocol. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA test was used to verify possible differences in variables between the experimental vs. control groups or Pro/Pro vs. Pro/Ala groups, and the Chi-squared test was used to verify the distribution of responders and non-responders according to genotype (p < 0.05). Frequencies of 75.5% Pro/Pro (n = 40) and 24.5% Pro/Ala (n = 13) were found, without any occurrence of the recessive homozygote. Body fat reduction was initially confirmed compared to a control group which did not exercise (n = 16; 29.1 ± 8.8 years), so that the exercise group obtained a reduction of −1.3 kg vs. −0.3 kg in the control group (p = 0.03). When they were divided by genotype, there were significant changes in fat mass (−1.3 ± 2.1 kg; p = 0.00), lean mass (0.6 ± 1.5 kg; p = 0.02), fat percentage (−1.3 ± 1.6; p = 0.00), waist circumference (−2.2 ± 2.9 cm; p = 0.00), abdomen circumference (−3.3 ± 3.6 cm; p = 0.00) and hip circumference (−2.7 ± 2.7 cm; p = 0.00) for Pro/Pro genotypes; and fat mass (−1.1 ± 1.7 kg; p = 0.04), fat percentage (−0.9 ± 1.5; p = 0.04), abdomen circumference (−3.9 ± 3.5 cm; p = 0.00) and hip circumference (−1.8 ± 1.8 cm; p = 0.00) for Pro/Ala genotypes, without any group

IntroductionMTHFR methylation status is associated with microvascular complications in diabetes, but the factors influencing this profile remain unknown.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of physical activity level and nutritional status on the methylation profile of the MTHFR gene in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA total of 111 patients, 43 men and 68 women diagnosed with DM (7.0 ± 2.3 years), answered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and underwent blood collection for biochemical analysis, DNA extraction, and MTHFR gene methylation profile determination.ResultThe comparison of the methylation pattern showed that the partially methylated profile predominates in the insufficiently active group (85%), which does not occur in the sufficiently active group (54%) (p = 0.012). No differences were found in the nutritional status comparison. Logistic regression including overweight, waist circumference, gender, age, time of DM, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcoholism, and family DM revealed that the association of the level of physical activity with methylation profile proved to be independent of these confounding variables. Considering the partially methylated profile as a result, being physically inactive favors the partially methylated MTHFR pattern in patients with DM.ConclusionWe concluded that insufficient physical activity is associated with partially methylated pattern of MTHFR promoter.

Justificativa e Objetivos: A Leishmaniose Cutânea Americana (LCA) é uma doença de cadeia de transmissão complexa sujeita a diversos determinantes, em uma mesma região. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o comportamento e determinar o perfil epidemiológico da LCA em uma região da Amazônia Sul-ocidental utilizando técnicas de análises multivariadas. Métodos: Utilizou-se as informações do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), 2001 a 2010,para o estado do Acre e técnicas de análises de agrupamento hierárquico e de componentes principais.Resultados: Foram analisados um total de 10.984 casos de LCA e discriminados três grupos. O primeiro grupo se destacou por apresentar maior porcentagem de indivíduos do sexo feminino, com predominância da forma clínica mucosa, idade até 20 anos, que residiam e trabalhavam em áreas rurais e florestais; o segundo grupo foi discriminado por agrupar indivíduos do sexo masculino, com forma clínica cutânea, idade superior a 40 anos de idade, que residiam e trabalhavam em áreas urbanas; o terceiro grupo foi constituído por indivíduos do sexo masculino, forma clínica cutânea, idades entre 20 e 40 anos, que residiam e trabalhavam em áreas rurais. Conclusão: Há evidências que para cada tipo de transmissão de LCA florestal, urbano e rural, exista um perfil epidemiológico correspondente e as técnicas de análises multivariadas foram eficientes em destacar o comportamento da LCA relacionando-os ao perfil dos indivíduos acometidos.

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