MAGALHÃES, H. I. R.; FERREIRA JÚNIOR, R. L.; DE PAULA, Y. H.; MOREIRA, M. S.; CARNEIRO E SILVA, F. O.; MIGLINO, M. A.; CARVALHO-BARROS, R. A.; SILVA, Z. & RIBEIRO, L. A. Morphometry of mental foramina applied to local anesthesia in Hoary Fox (Lycalopex vetulus Lund, 1842). Int. SUMMARY:In order to perform local anaesthetic blockade of the mental nerves, it is fundamentally to determine anatomical references, including the precise identification of the mental foramina; however, the literature does not present specific data on such structures in the Hoary Fox. Therefore, the objective was describing the morphometry of the mental foramina of this specie, in order to correlate its topographies with the mandibular anatomical reference points, supporting the effective technique for mental desensitization. For this purpose, four mandibles of adult bodies of Lycalopex vetulus were used. Bilaterally, three mental foramina were observed located on the rostral third of the lateral margin of the mandibular body. One of them is more caudal, positioned ventrally to the lower third premolar tooth; a medium one, is located ventrally to the lower first premolar tooth; and a rostral one, placed ventrally to the lower intermediate incisor tooth. There were no statistically significant differences between the antimeres. Therefore, it is indicated that the local anaesthetic block of the mental nerves in this species should be performed by inserting the needle approximately 4.4 mm in a ventrodorsal direction. It is necessary positioning it perpendicularly to the ventral margin of the mandibular body and juxtaposed to its lateral face, using as anatomical reference the interalveolar space located between the first two lower premolar teeth. Thus, that the point established for anaesthetic injection (caudal limit of the ventral margin of the middle mental foramen), provides greater safety for its realization since, for small animals, the recommendation for blockade is represented by needle penetration on the direction of emergence of the mental nerve and artery from this foramen, which makes these structures more exposed to iatrogenic lesions resulting from the technique.

Whilst considering the need anesthetic techniques supported by species-specific morphology, it has been sought to describe the morphometry of the Hoary Fox's infraorbital foramen with aims at correlating its topography with points of anatomic reference in the skull, thereby providing subsidy for a more effective local anesthetic block in that species. Four skulls of Lycalopex vetulus had been used, from which all of the measurements in each antimere were performed. The infraorbital foramen was located at the maxilla bone, dorsally-wise from the third upper pre-molar tooth, and, from the ventral end of its caudal margin, it would stand apart from the alveolar margin of that bone by 4.19 mm, in average; from the orbital margin at the level of the lacrimal foramen by 14.10 mm; from the dorsal end of the frontal process of the zygomatic bone by 37.10 mm; from the rostral end of the alveolar margin of the first upper incisor tooth by 38.54 mm; and, from the caudal end of the nuchal crest by 100.53mm - at the level of the median sagittal plane; as it also presented a sagittal axis of 5.21 mm in average. It is suggested that, for the Hoary Fox, the needle be introduced by 4.19 mm in contact with the maxilla bone, in a perpendicular fashion, and in a ventral-dorsal orientation from the alveolar margin of the same - whilst using, as an anatomic reference, the diastema that exists between the third and the fourth upper pre-molar teeth.

The irrigation of the mammary glands of crossbred sows was studied by contrast radiographic examination in order to provide subsidies to related areas. Dissection had been performed on seven female pigs, with different body weights, and prior to puberty, with a mean age of three months, originated from pig farms in Brazil. Barium Sulfate had been injected in four specimens. Radiographic examination was performed for visualization of the arterial distribution to the glands. It has been concluded that the mammary arteries responsible for the irrigation of the mammary glands in sows originate from the superficial cranial and the caudal epigastric arteries. Among the arteries identified by dissection and contrast radiography, it has been verified that the cranial arteries present larger calibers when compared to caudal arteries. The use of contrast radiography has revealed to be efficient for the topographic identification of the vessels, the caliber, and the distribution to the mammary glands.

O presente projeto contempla o ensino de Física e sustentabilidade, visando apresentar o conteúdo na área de ciências da natureza e suas tecnologias – Física: Energia solar: produção, consumo e potência, relacionando a Energia solar como fonte de energia alternativa renovável com as demais fontes de energia que conhecemos, possibilitando aos educandos e comunidade em geral informações relevantes acerca dos benefícios provenientes do uso de energia solar. Para tais informações serão utilizados os livros didáticos que abordem a temática sobre energias renováveis e sua relação com o cotidiano dos alunos, ressaltando a utilização da Energia solar e seus benefícios nos aspectos ambientais, econômicos e sociais.