Purpose Interactions are fundamental for successful relationships and stable cooperation in a business-to-business market. The main assumption in research on interactions, so obvious that usually not stated by researchers, is that they are set between humans. The development of artificial intelligence forces the re-examination of this assumption. This paper aims to conceptualize business virtual assistants (BVAs), a type of intelligent agent, as either a boundary object or an actor within business interactions. Design/methodology/approach Reference is made to the literature on business interactions, boundary objects and identity attribution to problematize the process of interpretation through which BVA obtains an identity. The ARA model and the model of interaction process is used to create a theoretical framework. Findings This paper contributes to the literature on business interactions, and to the core of the IMP discussion, in three aspects. The first provides a framework to understand the phenomenon of an artificial entity as an interlocutor in business interactions. While doing that a new type of entity, BVA, is introduced. The second contribution is the exploration and augmentation of the concept of a business actor. The third calls attention to BVA as a boundary object. These issues are seen as essential to move forward the discussion about the meaning of business interaction in the near future. Originality/value This paper conceptualizes the presence of a new entity – BVA – in the business landscape.

This study focuses on the development of a specific type of Intelligent Agents — Business Virtual Assistants (BVA). The paper aims to identify the scope of collaboration between users and providers in the process of agent development and to define the impact that user interpretations of a BVA agent have on this collaboration. This study conceptualises the collaboration between providers and users in the process of the BVA development. It uses the concept of the collaborative development of innovation and sensemaking. The empirical part presents preliminary exploratory in-depth interviews conducted with CEOs of BVA providers and analyses the use of the scheme offered by Miles and Hubermann (1994). The main results show the scope of the collaboration between BVA users and providers in the process of the BVA development. User engagement is crucial in the development of BVA agents since they are using machine learning algorithms. The user interpretation through sensemaking influences the process as their attitudes guide their behaviour. Apart from that, users have to adjust to this new kind of entity in the market and learn how to use it in line with savoir-vivre rules. This paper suggests the need to develop a new approach to the collaborative development of innovation when Artificial Intelligence is involved.

A -koncepcja i projekt badania; B -gromadzenie i/lub zestawianie danych; C -analiza i interpretacja danych; D -napisanie artykułu; E -krytyczne zrecenzowanie artykułu; F -zatwierdzenie ostatecznej wersji artykułu StreszczenieWprowadzenie. Wśród najważniejszych wyzwań współczesnej technologii stałych doustnych postaci leku można wymienić: zwiększenie skuteczności działania substancji leczniczej, zmniejszenie działań niepożądanych oraz poprawę komfortu stosowania leku. Jednym ze sposobów uzyskania takich efektów są formy leków o przedłużonym uwalnianiu. Cel pracy. Zbadanie przydatności polimerów (syntetycznego -Kollidon K30 i półsyntetycznego -hydroksypropylometyloceluloza) i dwuwodnego wodorofosforanu wapnia (jako nieorganicznego nierozpuszczalnego wypełniacza) w konstruowaniu matrycowych stałych doustnych postaci leku zawierających niesteroidowe leki przeciwzapalne (NLPZ). Jako modelową substancję czynną wykorzystano ketoprofen. Materiał i metody. Ketoprofen, HPMC, Kollidon K30, wapniowy wodorofosforan, stearynian magnezu. Inkorporacja. Badania masy tabletkowej. Tabletkowanie bezpośrednie. Badanie parametrów farmakopealnych i dostępności farmaceutycznej. Pomiary lepkości 1% roztworów HPMC i Kollidonu K30. Aproksymacja otrzymanych wyników. Wyniki. Otrzymano trzy wersje matryc. Przeprowadzone badania granulometryczne mas tabletkowych, badania morfologiczne i farmakopealne tabletek były zgodne z normami. Najlepsze rezultaty uwalniania uzyskano dla formulacji zawierającej HPMC i wapniowy wodorofosforan. Kollidon K30 przyśpieszał uwalnianie ketoprofenu z tabletek formulacji I. Wnioski. W przedstawionym modelowym układzie badań preformulacyjnych wykazano przydatności HPMC i Kollidonu K30 w technologii matryc hydrofilowych z ketoprofenem (Polim. Med. 2016, 46, 2, 145-153).Słowa kluczowe: hydroksypropylometyloceluloza, Kollidon K30, matryce, ketoprofen, tabletki prolongatum. AbstractBackground. One of the most important challenges of the modern technology of solid oral dosage forms is to increase the effectiveness of the drug, reduce side effects and improve the comfort of use. One way to obtain such effects are prolonged release dosage forms. Objectives. The aim of the study was to investigate the suitability of polymers (synthetic -Kollidon K30 and semisynthetic -hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), and calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate -as an inorganic insoluble filler -in the construction of the matrices of the solid oral dosage forms containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We used ketoprofen as a model active ingredient.

Motivation: Contemporary economics provides to the practice of the social world functioning increasingly precise knowledge about how the modern economy and economics change. Although it seems that it is knowledge necessary to make science more useful for the social world, it creates a risk of blurring the general picture of the studied problems. One of the modern phenomena analysed in economic theory and tested in economic practice is the sharing economy (SE). Because it is a relatively new subject of economic analysis, it seems important to closely follow the development of academic work concerning SE (also on the basis of the knowledge provided by the social world). Aim: The authors of the paper have focused on achieving the following research objectives: (1) identification of literature output in the area of SE, (2) assessment of cooperation between researchers dealing with SE topics and (3) diagnosis of thematic areas related to the studied phenomenon. The basis for the works on the research objectives was a set of 1411 papers related to SE, published in 2011-2018, in the Scopus database. For the research, quantitative analysis with elements of qualitative analysis was used. Results: Based on the research conducted, the following conclusions were formulated: (1) the current literature on the SE phenomenon is fragmentary, (2) the cooperation, if any, between researchers dealing with SE is ephemeral, (3) SE contexts are focused on specific socioeconomic phenomena.

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