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The objective of this review was to investigate the fishery management problems and conservation challenges in Ethiopia. Published and unpublished sources were used to obtain appropriate data. More than 183 fish species were reported in Ethiopia. The production potential of these water bodies is estimated to be 51,481 tonnes/year. Of these, only 30% of them are being utilized. Utilization of fishery is based on the socio-economic factors, resource availability, and religious influence on fish consumption. Types of fishing gears, fishing methods, socio-economic factors, lack of facilities and infrastructure, ineffective administration setup, lack of expertise, land use around fish habitats, and lack of scientific data were observed as the major fishery management and conservation challenges. The demand for fishes is, however, double increasing. Thus, effective management setup, regular stakeholders follow-up, and encouraging the development of aquaculture are very important to sustain the resources and meet the demand for the product.

Fruits and vegetables are the horticultural crops playing a significant role in Ethiopia's food security, livelihood, and economy. However, the postharvest loss results are a severe challenge for the producers, and this review summarizes this problem. The total postharvest loss of horticultural crops, including fruits and vegetables, at various stages: harvesting, storage, transportation, and marketing ranges from 15 to 70%. Postharvest loss of vegetables alone is about 40%. Fruits like mango, banana, papaya, avocado, sweet orange, etc., take the largest share of the total postharvest loss. The postharvest causes of losses are diseases, insects, rodents, thefts, mechanical damage, premature harvesting, harvesting of overmature crops, improper harvesting and storage techniques, shortage of appropriate packaging and marketing system, seasonal fluctuation of the products, and gender inequality. Therefore, applying a possible and convenient loss reduction strategy is imperative to increase the supply of fruits and vegetables in the country.