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Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is an extremely rare tumour, most frequently occurring in the lungs. An understanding of the pathology has been difficult, due to its rarity and the complexity of the histological diagnosis. Neuroendocrine carcinoma has a very poor prognosis and further research is required for more effective treatment options.

If Müller cell disruption contributes to inner retinal cavitation, it does not appear to affect the OLM, which is the only part of the Müller cell that is visible clinically. By contrast, the integrity of both the OLM and photoreceptors appear to be closely linked in MacTel Type 2. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that Müller cell dysfunction plays a role in the pathogenesis of MacTel.

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