This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of rigid dressings versus soft dressings for treating transtibial amputations. B A C K G R O U N D Description of the condition Lower limb amputation can result from non-traumatic causes (e.g. dysvascular disease, malignancy and congenital deficiencies) or traumatic causes (e.g. war injuries and work accidents) (Varma 2014; Ziegler-Graham 2008). Amongst these causes, dysvascular disease is most common and includes diseases such as diabetes and peripheral vascular disease (Varma 2014; Ziegler-Graham 2008). The incidence of lower limb amputation is estimated to be 24 per 100,000 in the USA (Moxey 2011), and 26 per 100,000 in the UK (Ahmad 2014). These estimates increase in people with diabetes, and estimates range from 410 to 3100 per 100,000 in the USA and from 147 to 248 per 100,000 in the UK (Moxey 2011). Trauma is the second most common cause of limb loss (Varma 2014; Ziegler-Graham 2008), and accounts for 16% of amputations in the USA (Tintle 2010), and 7% to 9% of amputations 1 Rigid dressings versus soft dressings for transtibial amputations (Protocol)

Abstract The E-isomer of cyanomethanimine (HNCHCN) was first identified in Sgr B2(N) by a comparison of the publicly available Green Bank Telescope (GBT) PRIMOS survey with laboratory rotational spectra. Recently, Z-cyanomethanimine was detected in the quiescent molecular cloud G+0.693-0.027 with the IRAM 30m telescope. Cyanomethanimine is a chemical intermediate in the proposed synthetic routes of adenine, and may play an important role in forming biological molecules in the interstellar medium. Here we present a new modelling study of cyanomethanimine, using the Nautilus gas-grain reaction network and code with the addition of over 400 chemical reactions of the three cyanomethanimine isomers and related species. We apply cold isothermal core, hot core and C-type shock models to simulate the complicated and heterogeneous physical environment in and in front of Sgr B2(N), and in G+0.693-0.027. We identify the major formation and destruction routes of cyanomethanimine, and find that the calculated abundances of the cyanomethanimine isomers and the ratio of Z-isomer to E-isomer are both in reasonable agreement with observations for selected environments. In particular, we conclude that these isomers are most likely formed within or near the hot core without the impact of shocks, or in the cold regions with shocks.