In this paper we describe the ARM Scalable Vector Extension (SVE). Several goals guided the design of the architecture. First was the need to extend the vector processing capability associated with the ARM AArch64 execution state to better address the compute requirements in domains such as high performance computing (HPC), data analytics, computer vision and machine learning. Second was the desire to introduce an extension that can scale across multiple implementations, both now and into the future, allowing CPU designers to choose the vector length most suitable for their power, performance and area targets. Finally, the architecture should avoid imposing a software development cost as the vector length changes and where possible reduce it by improving the reach of compiler auto-vectorization technologies.We believe SVE achieves these goals. It allows implementations to choose a vector register length between 128 and 2048 bits. It supports a vector length agnostic programming model which allows code to run and scale automatically across all vector lengths without recompilation. Finally, it introduces several innovative features that begin to overcome some of the traditional barriers to autovectorization.

Introduction: Therapy of atopic dermatitis encloses use of medicated and nonmedicated preparations. Results of clinical and biophysical procedures indirectly describe the condition of the impaired skin barrier (SB). Direct evaluation of SB integrity is only possible by electron microscopical visualization, e.g. intercellular lipid lamellae (ICLL) organization of the stratum corneum. Method: SB integrity was measured by morphometric analysis of ICLL in healthy and atopic skin and after a 15-day treatment (plus 7-day follow-up) of atopic skin with a glycerin preparation. Results: Significant treatment effect was shown by the restoration of the ICLL. Conclusions: The study reveals that morphometric analysis of ICLL organization is suitable to differentiate between healthy and diseased skin and to semiquantitatively determine the effect of a nonmedicated glycerin formulation. Limitation: Small treatment cohort.

Successive visualisation of identical plant cells by light and electron microscopy is reported. For this purpose segments of pea and barley leaves were prepared by high-pressure freezing, freeze-substitution, and low-temperature embedding. The use of Safranin O during low-temperature dehydration allowed, on one hand, staining of all cellular components as investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and, on the other hand, excellent ultrastructural and antigenic preservation. A newly constructed specimen holder enabled precise relocation of the target cells for electron microscopic investigations. Transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry revealed that during the whole procedure the ultrastructure of the cells as well as the antigenicity of cell constituents were preserved.

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