Although Chile has been establishing marine protected areas since the 1960s, studies to identify representative areas for marine biodiversity conservation at the ecoregional scale are lacking. Using the Marxan decision support tool we conducted a systematic planning process to identify High Conservation Value Areas in the channels and fjords of the southern Chile ecoregion. We involved 74 experts and other stakeholders in identifying conservation features, setting targets and compiling distribution data. Current distributions of 39 features were used in Marxan analyses. In one scenario we locked planning units that contained the Francisco Coloane Marine Protected Area. In a second scenario we also excluded planning units that overlapped with Appropriate Areas for Aquaculture, defined by the Chilean government's coastal zoning process. One-hundred percent of the proposed conservation targets were met in both scenarios. Although the distribution of 12 conservation features overlapped to a certain extent (>10%) with Appropriate Areas for Aquaculture, Marxan identified conservation solutions avoiding these areas. Our suggested portfolio of High Conservation Value Areas comprises a network of 33 sites, covering 99,432 km2 (12% of the ecoregion). These results provide the first science-based roadmap for decision makers and conservationists, and were used by the Chilean government in its coastal zoning process to define priority areas for conservation. Consequently, salmon farming has been excluded from Tierra del Fuego island.
ABSTRACT. This paper examines codend size selectivity in the Chilean hake (Merluccius gayi gayi) industrial fishery by means of four mesh sizes opening in the codend (100, 110, 130 and 140 mm mesh openings) and using the cover codend method. The data was analyzed by haul, using the SELECT model with both the Logistic and Richards selection curves. For each mesh size opening and sex the combined haul analysis was made with the Fryer model, and with these results we determine the Master Curves, by sex. Based on critical length and maturity length at 50% estimated for this specie we determined the optimum mesh size opening for the trawl fishery. The rate of escape of cmomon hake increased exponentially with the size of mesh opening. The Logistic selection model was chosen based on the likelihood ratio test for all hauls analyzed. From the mean selection curves (incorporating haul variation) fitted to data for combined sexes, the total length of 50% retention (l 50 ) were estimated to be 39.3, 39.7, 41.1 and 43.6 cm of total length for 100, 110, 130 and 140 mm of mesh size opening. The values of l 50 for females were higher than those for males. We recommended 120 mm of mesh size opening in the codend in order to protect the spawning fraction of Chilean hake stock and maximize the biomass of the cohorts.Key words: size selectivity, bottom trawl net, codend method, SELECT model, Master Curve, hake Merluccius gayi gayi, Chile.Estimación de la selectividad a la talla por copos de redes de arrastre de fondo en la pesquería de merluza común (Merluccius gayi gayi)RESUMEN. El presente artículo examina la selectividad a la talla en la pesquería de arrastre de merluza común (Merluccius gayi gayi), mediante el empleo de cuatro tamaños de luz de malla en el copo (100, 110, 130 y 140 mm) y el uso de un cubre-copo. Los datos fueron analizados por lance, mediante el procedimiento SELECT, utilizando los modelos de selección Logita y de Richard. Se realizó un análisis combinado de los lances de pesca, por tamaño de luz de malla y sexo, a través del modelo de Fryer, y con estos resultados se determinó la Curva Maestra, por sexo. Basados en estimaciones previas de la talla crítica y la talla de madurez sexual al 50%, se determinó el tamaño de luz de malla óptimo para la pesquería de arrastre. Los resultados indicaron que la tasa de escape de merluza se incrementa exponencialmente con el aumento del tamaño de luz de malla en el copo. A través del test de razón de verosimilitud, se determinó que el modelo de selección que mejor se ajusta a los datos es Logita. A partir de las curvas medias de selección (incorporando la variación entre lances) sin diferenciación de sexo, se determinaron las longitudes de retención al 50% (l 50 ) de 39,3; 39,7; 41,1 y 43,6 cm para los tamaños de luz de malla de 100, 110, 130 y 140 mm, respectivamente. Las estimaciones de l 50 en las hembras fueron un poco más altas que en machos. Se recomienda un tamaño de luz de malla de 120 mm en los copos, en orden a proteger la fracción desovante de merluza común y m...
RESUMEN. Se analiza temporal y espacialmente las distribuciones de frecuencias de longitud y la relación longitudpeso, con registros obtenidos en las capturas de besugo efectuadas por la flota arrastrera industrial de la zona centrosur de Chile. El estudio cubrió el área comprendida entre Punta Curaumilla (33º10S) y sur de isla Mocha (38º38S), de octubre de 1998 a septiembre de 1999. Los principales resultados indican que la distribución de frecuencias de longitud del recurso es principalmente de carácter unimodal, la longitud media, máxima y modal de hembras es mayor que la de machos y tiende a incrementarse hacia el sur del área analizada. Se determinó que el crecimiento en peso, tanto de machos como de hembras, es alométrico con parámetros (a; b) de 0,02847; 2,77571 (machos) y 0,02160; 2,86661 (hembras), en el período analizado.
Éditeur CRAL-Centre de recherche sur les arts et le langage
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