ResumoAs plantas medicinais representam uma importante ferramenta na promoção da saúde e cultura em muitas regiões do Brasil e em particular para muitas comunidades que detém esse tipo de conhecimento, sendo assim de grande interesse na etnobotânica e na etnofarmacobotânica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre alguns aspectos culturais, religiosos e alimentícios da etnobotânica. Para alcançar este propósito foram feitas pesquisas em artigos científicos e em livros. No levantamento bibliográfico observou-se que a etnobotânica apresenta diferentes vertentes em suas aplicações, sendo a etnofarmacobotânica ganha destaque especial em comunidades tradicionais. A etnobotânica investiga e estuda o uso de plantas com fins medicinais, culturais, religiosos e conservacionistas, oferecendo assim elementos práticos para investigadores e favorecendo a descoberta de novos medicamentos. O estudo de etnobotânica ainda se encontra pouco difundido no país, sendo que a área apresenta alto potencial de estudo.Palavras chave: plantas medicinais; conhecimento empírico; plantas alimentícias ETHNOBOTANY: HISTORICAL ASPECTS AND APPLICATIONS OF THIS SCIENCE AbstractMedicinal plants represent an important tool in promoting health and culture in many regions of Brazil and in particular for many communities that has this kind of knowledge, thus being of great interest in ethnobotany and ethnopharmacobotany. This study aimed to conduct a literature review on some aspects of cultural, religious and food of ethnobotany. To achieve this goal it has been made a research in scientific papers and books. In the literature it was observed that the ethnobotany presents different aspects in their applications, and the etnofarmacobotânica gets special attention in traditional communities. The ethnobotany and study investigates the use of plants for medicinal, cultural, religious and conservationists, providing practical information for researchers and encouraging the discovery of new drugs. The study of ethnobotany is still not widespread in the country, and the area has high potential to study.
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