The COVID-19 pandemic forced Chilean probation officers to adopt remote supervision technologies to maintain contact with their clients. Considering remote contact was scarcely used by Chilean probation officers before the pandemic, this change demands studying the impact of the pandemic remote supervision on the contact between officers and clients. To address this problem, we surveyed probation officers ( n = 326) exploring the impact of COVID-19 on clients, officers, and the use of remote supervision across six Chilean macro-geographical regions representing the entire country: Extreme North, North, Santiago (Metropolitan Region), Middle South, South, and Extreme South. The survey includes demographics on probation officers at the national level, presenting data about their workload and agency for the first time. The results suggest that probation officers drastically changed how they contact their clients, shifting from primarily in-person communication to remote contact including videoconferencing, calls, and text messages. Our findings indicate that clients were heavily impacted by the pandemic in different psychosocial aspects and had low rates of access to technology. Finally, the macro-geographical analysis reveals how demographics, agency characteristics, technology access, and COVID-19 impact vary throughout the country. We conclude by discussing the relevance of the geographical and socioeconomic context before implementing remote supervision as community supervision core practice.

Erythrodermic psoriasis is a rare but severe type of psoriasis that may be triggered by human immunodeficiency virus infection. We describe the case of a 65-year-old male patient with chronic psoriasis who presents an exacerbation of his condition over a period of two weeks. Because of the severity of his case and subsequent need for systemic therapy, human immunodeficiency virus enzyme immunoassay was performed and tested positive. He thus began antiretroviral therapy combined with acitretin, showing good clinical response after 8 weeks of treatment. There is little evidence regarding the management of erythrodermic psoriasis associated with HIV infection, so antiretroviral therapy and systemic retinoid remain as the first-line treatment.

The purpose of this study was to determine if different methods for average bioequivalence in high variability drugs coincide or not in their conclusions when applied to the same dataset, and to discuss the method validity and reliability of the conclusions. Different approaches for the evaluation of average bioequivalence were applied to the results of a bioavailability trial on the diuretic drug Furosemide. These methods included widening the bioequivalence limits according to regulatory recommendations, scaling the limits and scaling the bioequivalence statistic, jointly with evaluating alternative bioavailability measures. The methods to establish the bioequivalence limits were also combined with some alternative methods to construct confidence intervals. The decision on bioequivalence depends much more on the bioavailability measures than on the statistical approach. The reliability of the final decision lies mainly in the interpretation of these measures and on the special characteristics of each drug.

La pandemia COVID-19 y libertad vigilada en Chile: Supervisión remota y diferencias regionales 

Los sistemas penitenciarios y los programas de rehabilitación y reinserción, tanto en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) en general como en Chile en particular, han sido abordados con un enfoque predominantemente masculino, ya que los varones conforman la mayor parte de la población penitenciaria. Debido a ello, es limitada la información sobre cómo diseñar programas de reinserción social que permitan atender las necesidades específicas de las mujeres, sus trayectorias delictuales, su riesgo de reincidencia y las desigualdades estructurales de género que enfrentan. Este documento contribuye a llenar ese vacío de conocimiento con la evaluación de impactos, procesos y resultados de un programa novedoso de reinserción económica y social de mujeres privadas de libertad implementado en Chile. Centrado en el fortalecimiento de capacidades para el emprendimiento y la empleabilidad, el programa proporcionó formación, acceso a capital semilla y microcréditos, junto con una intervención psicosocial integral. A partir de métodos cuasiexperimentales, se encontraron efectos significativos, con una reducción de la reincidencia delictiva (medida a partir de nuevas condenas) de alrededor del 50% entre uno y dos años después de haber participado en el programa. Entre los resultados alcanzados, el 48% de las usuarias que optaron por la línea de empleabilidad concretó la colocación laboral, mientras que el 92% de las que se interesaron por la línea de emprendimiento logró llevar su objetivo a la práctica.