-The objective of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of abamectin (0.0054 g a.i. L ), tebufenozide (0.12 g a.i. L -1 ) and thiacloprid (0.036 g a.i. L -1 ) to eggs and larvae of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen). Commercial formulations of the insecticides were diluted in water and sprayed, using a Potter's tower, at 1.5 ± 0.5 mg.cm -2 , either on eggs or on glass plates, where first, second and third-instar larvae were placed to assess the contact action on them. Egg viability, survival of larvae, pupae and adults, and the effects of the compounds on the reproductive capacity of individuals were evaluated. The total toxic effect (E) of the insecticides was calculated according to the standard methodology established by IOBC. All tested insecticides were selective for eggs of C. externa. Lufenuron and deltamethrin were highly toxic to first, second and third-instar larvae of C. externa (E > 99% of mortality). Abamectin, fenbutatin oxide, tebufenozide and thiacloprid were moderately toxic to larvae of C. externa. First-instar larvae were the most sensitive to the compounds. All tested insecticides need to be tested under greenhouse and field conditions, to further evaluate their suitability for IPM programs in citrus crops.

-The selectivity of the insecticides abamectin, lufenuron, fenbutatin oxide, tebufenozide, thiacloprid and deltamethrin used in citrus crops was evaluated for pupae and adults of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen). The experiments were conducted in the Entomology Department of the Universidade Federal de Lavras, MG, Brazil. The spraying was accomplished by means of Potter tower with volume of application of 1.5 ± 0.5 mg/cm 2 . After spraying, the pupae were kept in test tubes in a climatic chamber and the adults in PVC cages in a room at 25 ± 2 o C, 70 ± 10% RH and 12h photophase. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with six products and ten replicates, each one composed of three pupae or a pair of adults. The action of lufenuron on males or females of C. externa was also evaluated under a completely randomized design with three treatments and ten replicates, each one composed of one pair. The insecticides were classified following the method established by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants (IOBC). All compounds were selective to the pupae (E < 30% of mortality). However, thiacloprid and deltamethrin were toxic to the adults (E > 99% of mortality), whereas fenbutatin oxide and tebufenozide were selective. Lufenuron reduced the survival rate of the egg when sprayed on the females. Thus, the results indicate that only fenbutatin oxide and tebufenozide could be used with C. externa in integrated pest management programs in citrus crops.KEY WORDS: Pesticide, green lacewing, citrus orchard, toxicity RESUMO -Avaliou-se a seletividade dos inseticidas abamectina, lufenurom, óxido de fenbutatina, tebufenozide, tiaclopride e deltametrina utilizados em citros para pupas e adultos de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen). Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Departamento de Entomologia da UFLA, Lavras, MG. As pulverizações foram realizadas por meio de torre de Potter utilizando-se 1,5 ± 0,5 mg/ cm 2 . Após a pulverização, as pupas foram colocadas em tubos de vidro e mantidas em câmara climática, e os adultos em gaiolas de PVC em sala climatizada (25 ± 2 o C, 70 ± 10% UR e fotofase de 12h). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com seis inseticidas e dez repetições, sendo cada uma formada por três pupas ou um casal de adultos. Também foi avaliado o efeito do lufenurom na capacidade reprodutiva quando pulverizado sobre machos ou fêmeas desse predador. Os produtos foram enquadrados em classes de toxicidade seguindo metodologia estabelecida pela Organização Internacional para Controle Biológico e Integrado de Animais e Plantas Nocivos (IOBC). Todos os produtos foram seletivos para pupas (E < 30% de mortalidade). Tiaclopride e deltametrina foram tóxicos aos adultos (E > 99% de mortalidade), sendo que óxido de fenbutatina e tebufenozide mostraram-se seletivos. Quando pulverizado somente sobre fêmeas de C. externa, lufenurom reduziu significativamente a viabilidade de ovos. Os produtos óxido de fenbutatina e tebufenozide, em função da baix...

2018) The invasive red palm mite, Raoiellaindica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), in Brazil: range extension and arrival into the most threatened area, the Northeast Region, ABSTRACT Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: tenuipalpidae), commonly known as the red palm mite (RPM), is an invasive polyphagous pest, which has emerged as a threat to agriculture in the Americas. In the Americas, the mite has not only spread quickly, but also greatly extended its host range in the new areas where it has been observed. We present here new records of the RPM in Brazilian states, with focus on its arrival into the most threatened area, the Northeast Region. Coconut and banana are important crops in this region of Brazil and represent the main threatened crops by this pest. These new records of RPM reinforce the idea that this species is already widely distributed throughout Brazil eight years after its introduction into the extreme North state of Roraima. Comments on the possible economic, social and environmental impacts are presented. ARTICLE HISTORY

Resumo -As regiões produtoras de melão (Cucumis melo L.) dos Estados do Rio Grande do Norte (RN) e Ceará (CE) destacamse por uma produção destinada tanto para o mercado interno quanto para o externo. Devido à necessidade de se produzir frutos de boa qualidade e de se reduzir os problemas causados por insetos pragas, os produtores devem utilizar estratégias de manejo econômica e ambientalmente sustentáveis. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho caracterizar o perfil e o conhecimento dos pequenos e médios produtores, que exportam melão, sobre o MIP na cultura do meloeiro nas principais áreas produtoras dos municípios de Mossoró e Baraúna no Rio Grande do norte e Aracati no Ceará. Foram realizadas entrevistas, por meio de questionário semi -estruturado com 29 questões, a 25 produtores de melão nos municípios de Mossoró e Baraúna (RN) e Aracati (CE). Verificou-se que o manejo de pragas praticado por esses produtores está baseado na utilização das seguintes estratégias de controle: controle físico (uso de manta tipo TNT e quebra vento), cultural (rotação e destruição de restos de cultura) e químico (inseticidas sintéticos), método praticado por 100% dos produtores em algum momento do desenvolvimento das plantas. Contudo, o controle biológico ou qualquer prática conservacionista de inimigos naturais, ainda, é pouco utilizado por esses grupos de produtores, principalmente, devido à falta de conhecimento e treinamento técnico sobre o manejo de inimigos naturais em programas de controle de pragas. Palavras-chave -Cucumis melo. Controle de pragas. Mosca-minadora. Mosca-brancaAbstract -Melon farims in the states of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) and Ceará (CE), Brazil, are highlighted for their production at both local and international trade. In order to ensure the fruit quality and to reduce the damage caused by pest insects, farmers have to use different pest management strategies that are economically and environmentally sustainable. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the information level of small and medium exporting melon farmers by means of a questionnaire that explores the knowledge about the Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Interviews were conducted, by way of semi -structured questionnaire with 29 questions, with 25 melon farmers from the countryside of Mossoró and Baraúna (RN) and from the countryside of Aracati (CE). The pest management strategies used by these farmers is based on physical (use of Typar® fabric and windbreaks), cultural (rotation and destruction of crop residues) and chemical (synthetic insecticides) methods. The last method is practiced by all farmers at different times throughout cropping. However biological control or the conservation of natural enemy techniques, is not frequently used by these farmers, primarily due to lack of knowledge and technical training on the handling of beneficial agents used in pest control programs.

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade de inseticidas recentemente lançados no mercado para o controle de pragas na cultura dos citros, em adultos de Chrysoperla externa e Ceraeochrysa cubana. Os produtos utilizados e as respectivas dosagens em g L -1 de i.a. foram: tiametoxam 200 WG, 0,05; imidacloprido 700 WG, 0,07; milbemectina 50 CE, 0,008; piriproxifem 100 CE, 0,075; e espirodiclofeno 240 SC, 0,06. Em cada tratamento, 11 casais de C. externa e 13 de C. cubana, com idade de até 24 horas, foram submetidos à aplicação dos inseticidas e de água (testemunha), por meio de torre de Potter. A mortalidade dos adultos, a capacidade de oviposição num período de oito semanas e a viabilidade dos ovos foram avaliadas. O tiametoxam foi classificado como nocivo a C. externa; o imidacloprido como moderadamente nocivo e os demais inseticidas como inócuos. Para C. cubana, o tiametoxam foi considerado nocivo, o espirodiclofeno foi levemente nocivo e os demais produtos foram inócuos. Os produtos milbemectina, piriproxifem e espirodiclofeno podem ser recomendados em programas de manejo integrado de pragas visando à manutenção dessas espécies de artrópodes benéficos em áreas de citricultura.Termos para indexação: Ceraeochrysa cubana, Citrus, Chrysoperla externa, artrópodes benéficos, manejo integrado de pragas, toxicidade. Physiological selectivity of insecticides to two lacewing speciesAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of insecticides recently released for the control of citrus pests on adult specimens of Chrysoperla externa and Ceraeochrysa cubana. The products used and their respective dosages in g L -1 of a.i. were: thiametoxam 200 WG, 0.05; imidacloprid 700 WG, 0.07; milbemectin 50 CE, 0.008; pyriproxyfen 100 CE, 0.075; and spirodiclofen 240 SC, 0.06. In each treatment, 11 couples of C. externa and 13 of C. cubana, at an age up to 24 hours, were submitted to the application of the insecticides and water (control), through a Potter´s tower. Adults mortality and oviposition capacity were evaluated in a period of eight weeks, as well as the viability of laid eggs. Thiametoxam was classified as harmful to C. externa; imidacloprid as moderately harmful and the other insecticides as harmless. As for C. cubana, thiametoxam was considered harmful; spirodiclofen was slightly harmful and the other products were innocuous. The insecticides milbemectin, pyriproxyfen and spirodiclofen can be recommended to integrated pest management programs aiming at the maintenance of these species of beneficial arthropods in citrus areas.