The population of the island has lived for centuries almost isolated from the rest of the continental population. In the seventh century BC, it was the first Greek colony in the southern Italy and was colonized by the Eubei, then it was the turn of the Roman rule. In the Middle Ages, the island was the victim of many raids of the Barbary pirates. Only in the last decades of the 800, did the island begin to open to tourism. However, it had a strong setback with the terrible earthquake of Casamicciola, in 1883. Tourism had gradually resumed in the second post-war period. These episodes have contributed to bringing people extraneous to the autochthonous community to the island. As in most of the coastal populations of the Mediterranean basin, there is a very high incidence of pseudoexfoliation lentis in the population of Ischia, which is a syndrome that often complicates in a challenging way the surgical intervention for the removal of cataracts.