Aim of this study was to assess morphofunctional transformations in the adrenal glands of juvenile rats systematically exposed to +Gx acceleration. Material and Methods -Rats in the experimental group were exposed to transversely-directed gravitational overloads (9 G) produced by experimental centrifuge C-2/500 (three times, each time 3 minutes exposure with 30 seconds break between sets). Microscopical, histomorphometric (thickness of cortical zones; cortex-medulla ratio; absolute and relative area of zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculate, zona reticularis, and medulla; number and density of cells in each zone; area of nuclei, cytoplasm and liposomes in endocrinocytes), ultrastructural and statistical methods were used. Results -Structural transformations found in adrenal glands are adaptive responses to stress and hemodynamic changes caused by systematic influence of gravitational overloads. The expressed hemodynamic changes combined with stress-induced morphofunctional transformations, manifested as signs of functional stress of cortical and medullar endocrinocytes on the background of dystrophic and destructive ultrastructural changes were revealed. Increase of number of exposures to 45 leads to further stabilization of morphofunctional condition of adrenal glands. Conclusion -Structural transformations and features of the functional tension of the cortical and medullary endocrinocytes are limited as "systemic structural trace".

Background — According to the data from the published sources worldwide, about 10% of the world population suffers from osteoarthrosis. While searching for novel methods of osteoarthrosis treatment, we proposed administering intra-articular injections of autologous platelet-rich plasma. The goal of this clinical study was to evaluate the effectiveness of autologous platelet-rich plasma injections in osteoarthrosis patient treatment. Methods — This open-label parallel-group study was a pilot randomized controlled trial. An analysis of the treatment outcomes for 128 patients with knee joint arthrosis was performed. All patients were split among three groups, and subjects in two of those were receiving conventional treatment. Clinical efficacy was calculated from pain intensity, determined using Visual Analog Scale, Lequesne index and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Inflammatory response intensity was assessed by superoxide dismutase content and erythrocyte catalase activity. Results — It was demonstrated that administering platelet-rich plasma allowed achieving tangible clinical and laboratory results without any side effects and with very few contraindications. The latter included, for instance, blocking inflammatory process in the joints, thereby inhibiting the oxidative stress, which is the most pathogenetically substantiated treatment of osteoarthrosis. Conclusion — Thus, we have discovered that platelet-rich plasma injections had apparent anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects, along with inhibiting action of destructive processes in the cartilaginous tissue, hence improving life quality of the patients with osteoarthrosis.

Aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of total thyroid resection on the exocrine pancreatic ultrastructure in both early and late stages of hypothyroidism in experiment. Material and Methods -The experimental study was carried out on 40 mature white male rats of weight 180 to 200 g divided into two groups: group I -intact rats, which were kept in normal vivarium conditions (control group) and group II with experimental hypothyroidism modelled by total thyroidectomy. At the 14 th and 100 th day after thyroidectomy the animals of both groups were sacrificed under thiopental sodium anesthesia and samples of pancreatic tissue were prepared for electron microscopic study.Results -The study of exocrine pancreatic parenchyma showed the diversity of the cellular composition. Light and dark cells were visualized in animals of the control and experimental groups. It was associated with different stages of the cellular secretory cycle. The number of zymogen granules of was sharply reduced in the apical poles of secretory cells, and were completely absent in some cells. Conclusion -The data obtained indicate violations of the ultrastructural organization of pancreatic acinocytes at the early stage after surgery (14 th day). The prolongation of hypothyroidism state (up to 100 days) leads to a number of changes in all structural components of secretory cells that affect the functional activity of acinocytes. Further existence of hypothyroidism is accompanied by the development of dystrophic processes.Cite as Ostapenko OV, Kriventsov MA, Shramko YI, Yermola YA, Mostiuk EM. Electron microscopic study of changes in pancreatic exocrine secretory cells in both early and late stages of hypothyroidism.

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This article describes the eponymous terms in anatomical nomenclature of the cerebral arteries. There are historical references revealing the etymology of described eponyms, including information about the professional and personal life of doctors and scientists who had first discovered or described particular structure of the cerebral arterial network. Chronology of the discovery of the cerebral arterial circle is described in details. It is shown that some eponymous terms contain the names of several doctors who studied a particular medical issue simultaneously, which is a reflection of the stages of the medical science development and the evidence of the continuity of scientific knowledge.