A esclerose múltipla (EM) é um tipo de doença neurológica comumente diagnosticada em pacientes jovens adultos, com causas muitas vezes desconhecidas e que podem implicar na qualidade de vida da pessoa acometida. O objetivo desse estudo é apresentar as peculiaridades e aplicações dos exames de diagnóstico por imagem, mais especificadamente a ressonância magnética no diagnóstico da esclerose múltipla através de uma revisão de literatura. O presente trabalho trata-se de uma proposta de pesquisa delineada e embasada em estudos de revisão de literatura, para realização de uma revisão integrativa. Onde resultou que o exame de ressonância magnética por apresentar imagens com alta resolução tem vindo a desencadear um papel cada vez maior e único no diagnóstico e tratamento de doentes com esclerose múltipla, possibilitando a detecção de lesões com pequenas dimensões. Conclui-se que a RM pode ser considerada como um recurso importante para auxílio ao diagnóstico da esclerose múltipla, devido suas relações entre as combinações de diferentes tipos de sequências de pulsos e protocolos, que possibilitam visualizar as lesões, confirmar o quadro de EM e excluir os supostos diagnósticos alternativos que se assemelham.
Chiari's malformation is within the spectrum of congenital abnormalities of the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by a complex deformity of the posterior fossa associated almost always with a malformation of the spine. Chiari malformation is still a subject of little evidence in literature, where new studies on this parameter may trigger influences for researchers in the field. The objectives of this study were to describe the main alterations found in the nervous system in individuals with Chiari malformation. It is a literature review study. The following descriptors were used for the search: Chiari malformation, Posterior Pit and Craniovertebral Junction (together and separately). In the selection criteria, full articles were chosen for the period: 2016 - 2019, in the languages: Portuguese and English. The searches were made in the databases: Scielo, Pubmed and Google academic. The articles were selected first by title, then by abstract, and finally by full reading. Based on the established criteria, 3 articles were selected that contemplate the theme. The literature shows that the most suggestive brain alterations of this pathology are cerebellar abnormalities such as caudal displacement of the bridge, IV ventricle and bulb; medullary torsion; IV ventricle in abnormal shape and hypoplasia of the cerebellum tent and mesencephalic ceiling. It is noticeable that Chiari's malformation can cause alterations that can vary from lighter to more severe. New studies are needed on this subject, as well as solutions to improve the quality of life of patients affected by this syndrome.
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