Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a neoplastic disease resulting from somatic mutation in the lymphoid progenitor cells, often occuring in children aged 2-5 years, predominantly in males. Results from the induction phase of chemtherapy are used to measure success, but the failure remission rate is still high. Increased apoptosis of cancer cells, as induced by CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells, is an indicator of prognosis and response to chemotherapy. Objective To assess for correlations between CD4 + , CD8 + , or CD4 + /CD8 + ratio to the chemotherapy induction phase response (i.e., apoptosis) in pediatric ALL patients. Methods This observational analytical cohort study was done in 25 pediatric ALL patients. Whole blood (3 mL) with EDTA anticoagulant were used to measure absolute counts of CD4 + , CD8 + , and CD4 + /CD8 + ratio. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were examined for apoptosis. The principle of CD4 + , CD8 + examination was bond between antigens on the surface of the leukocyte in the blood with fluorochrome labeled antibodies in the reagents, while the principle of apoptosis examination was FITC Annexin V will bonds with phosphatidylserine that moves out of the cell when the cell undergoes apoptosis, then intercalation with propidium iodide (PI). All examination were detected by flow cytometry BD FACSCalibur. Results Subjects were 25 newly-diagnosed, pediatric ALL patients (64% males and 36% females). Most subjects were 3 years of age (20%). Numbers of CD4 + and CD8 + cells, as well as CD4 + / CD8 + ratio were significantly decreased after chemotherapy. However, apoptosis was not significantly different before and after chemotherapy (P=0.689), There were significant negative

Background : NS1 is currently widely used for diagnosis of dengue virus (DENV) infection. Various methods are used to diagnose DENV infection (DVI), either ELISA, immunochromatography (ICT) or most recently the fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) method which are commercially available. Objective: This study aimed to compare the detection capabilities of dengue NS1 antigens using (1) Dengue NS1 ICT Ag (Standard Q - SD Biosensor, Inc.), (2) Dengue NS1 ICT Ag (SD Bioline - Standard Diagnostic, Inc), and (3) Dengue NS1 Ag FIA (Standard F - SD Biosensor, Inc.) Methods: This study consisted of serum samples (n=80) with the number of DVI patients (n=50), non-DVI (n=30). All samples were examined using all three commercial kits for NS1 antigen testing. All DVI samples showed results of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR - SIMPLEXAᵀᴹ Dengue - Focus Diagnostics) and/or positive dengue NS1 (Panbio® Dengue Early ELISA) antigen. Results: Standard F showed the highest sensitivity (82%) compared to Standard Q (74%) and SD Bio line (74%). These three commercial kits had the same specificity 100%. The positive predictive value all of these kits was 100% each. The negative prediction value of Standard F, Standard Q, and SD Bio line were 76.9%, 63.8%, 63.8%, respectively. These three NS1 antigen tests had a good agreement (κ 0.681-0.774). Conclusions: FIA test performance (Standard F SD - Biosensor, Inc.) were a quick and easy examination, showing a higher sensitivity and specificity than ICT for detecting DENV infection. Further research is needed to confirm the diagnosis of primary or secondary infection.