In the business literature, coopetition is defined as simultaneous cooperative and competitive activities among actors. In the informal economy, norms and trust take the place of formal contracts among actors and may allow these actors to move from engaging in competition to cooperation easily suggesting that patterns of coopetition in this context might be different to that in the formal economy. This research explores coopetition among informal tourism economy actors using the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework and the concept of shared resources. The results of qualitative case studies of pedicab drivers and street vendors in Yogyakarta indicate that simultaneous coopetition occurs when the actors share multiple resources while sequential coopetition occurs in the context of a single shared resource.

Abstract:In recent years, socio-economic disparities, especially between rural and urban areas (Gini index up to 0.4) have attracted significant concern from the Government of Indonesia, which developed a community-based rural tourism program as one of the attempts to overcome this problem. Though the program seems quite promising, the implementation was challenging, especially regarding sustainability. Therefore, successful and sustainable practical examples are needed. This paper analyzes the results of a case study from the experiences of community-based tourism implementation in Nglanggeran Tourism Village, Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which was considered as successful and sustainable. The main focus of this research is on how the collaboration and involvement of the related inter-organizational stakeholders, initiated by the local community, particularly the youth, has contributed to the program sustainability. Data and information for this study were obtained through in-depth interviews, observation, and documents review. This study found that the local community has a major role in implementing the program, among those various entities of stakeholders. Hence, the paper states this is the key to the success and sustainability of the program.

<p><em>Desa Wisata Ketenger is one of the oldest tourism village in Banyumas and has a lot of potential to be developed. According to Head of</em><em> Youth, Sports, Culture and Touris Department in Banyumas</em><em>, only two of six tourism villages in Banyumas is worth visit by tourists ie Desa Wisata Ketenger and Desa Wisata Dawuhan. It is influenced by the ability or capacity Pokdarwis as management of a tourism village in enhancing the knowledge and skills of the community through programs. </em><em>The objective of this study is to determine the institutional capacity in development of Desa Wisata Ketenger. Capacity that will be researched include individual capacity and organizational capacity. The research was conducted using qualitative descriptive. Data were obtained through interviews and field observations. </em><em>Results from this study indicate that in level of organization, organization has shown a good capacity in the aspect of external partnerships, aspects of tourism potential development, as well as aspects of tourism village promotion.Unfortunately, POKDARWIS "Ketenger Adventure" are less of ability to show a good capacity in leadership and coordination aspect, While at the individual level, there are good capacity in pioneering the development of tourism potential. Individuals have enough capacity in the management of tourist attractions, souvenir management, as well as service to the tourists. However, individuals have less capacity both in the understanding and application of the concept of integrated tourism village. To improve the ability at the level of individuals and organizations, Desa Wisata Ketenger have gained capacity building programs that held both of the Department of Tourism and besides offices.</em>   <em></em></p>

Nowadays, tourism village development has become an alternative for local economic development and been applied in many regions, including at Kliwonan Village in Sragen Regency, as a part of Sragen Batik Cluster. Kliwonan Village has development potentials viewed from its geographical and accessibility aspect. Viewed from geographical aspect, Kliwonan Village is approximately 10 km from Sangiran Museum, which was established as a National Tourism Strategic Area (KSPN). Moreover, viewed from the accessibility aspect, Kliwonan Village is easily accessible since is approximately 8 km from Solo-Kertosono toll exit. In order to be developed as a batik tourism village, a comprehensive review of supply and demand is needed. Based on that, this research aimed to explore the development potentials of Kliwonan Village as a batik tourism village based on the aspects of supply and demand in order to contribute recommendations for Kliwonan Village’s development in the future. This research used mixed method, incorporating qualitative method to analyze tourism supply-side, community characteristic, and policy, as well as quantitative method to analyze tourism demand-side. This research indicates that Kliwonan Village has the potential to be developed as a batik tourism village. However, it is still not ready since there are some elements in the supply-side that need improvement or development, namely accessibility, amenity, information and institution.

Perkembangan pariwisata kreatif berbasis industri batik di Kota Pekalongan dapat dikatakan maju, terutama setelah UNESCO menetapkan Kota Pekalongan sebagai salah satu kota kreatif di dunia pada tahun 2010. Oleh karena itu melalui penelitian ini, diharapkan dapat dilakukan penggalian pembelajaran dari Kota Pekalongan tentang strategi-strateg yang telah dilakukan oleh para pelaku pariwisata kreatif berbasis industry batik. Untuk dapat mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi kasus kualitatif. Data primer yang dibutuhkan dikumpulkan melalui kegiatan observasi kegiatan pada museum batik dan kampung batik, serta wawancara terhadap pemangku kebijakan, pengelola museum dan pelaku industri batik. Sedangkan data sekunder telah dikumpulkan dari instansi-instansi yang terkait. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa wisata kreatif berbasis batik ini sangat unik dan memiliki kedudukan yang strategis di Kota Pekalongan yang merupakan saah satu sentra industri batik di Pulau Jawa. Wisata kreatif bukan hanya diversifikasi produk yang akan memberikan nilai tambah bagi pelaku industri namun juga menjadi upaya bagi pelestarian batik dengan adanya kegaiatan aktif untuk memperkenalkan batik terutama bagi generasi muda. Selain itu penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa pemerintah daerah, pelaku industri batik, dan pelaku wisata kreatif di Pekalongan telah melaksanakan beberapa strategi pengembangan wisata kreatif. Strategi-strategi ini bersifat fisik dan non-fisik dengan skala internasional, nasional, kota, maupun lokal yaitu di sekitar kampung batik. Diharapkan strategi-strategi ini dapat disusun dan dilaksanakan secara berlanjut dan komprehensif sehingga semakin banyak masyarakat yang memperoleh dampak positif dari upaya pengembangan wisata kreatif batik khususnya di Kota Pekalongan.