The article deals with the content of the category “sustainable development”. Through the understanding of the signs of sustainable development, the goals of economic entities are substantiated, the directions of transformation of the economic system in accordance with the goals of sustainable development are determined. The goal of modern society is to make more and more profit. The current crisis reveals the limits of profit: markets are becoming global, and further expansion of production is impossible, and credit opportunities to expand demand are becoming limited, which, in turn, are limited by the relatively declining incomes of the population. With the apparent improvement in the quality of life, GDP growth and other indicators, dissatisfaction with the modern economy increases. Since it is quite difficult to abandon the usual goals, the goals of economic entities should be refracted under the pressure of public interest. The spokesman of the public interest is government, but the initiative must come from the mass of the subject, able by his behavior to steer economic development in a new direction is households and individuals, including the self-employed. Orientation of households, each person is not on the maximization of utility, and harmonious creation is the goal of sustainable development. In accordance with this goal, there is no dependence on the constant increase and maintenance of income, the need to intensify labor, high dependence on the level of technology development. In conclusion, the authors suggest that the change of the socio-economic development of society in the direction of sustainable development involves the abandonment of big business, the possible introduction of full or partial policy of protectionism, full state control over the branches of natural monopolies (electricity, utilities, transport, etc.), the nomination as criteria for assessing the development of non-cost indicators of production and capital growth, and indicators of preservation of the biosphere and individual satisfaction with living conditions.

No country can exist apart from others in the context of globalization and integration. All states integrated by foreign economic relations. Significant changes in the structure, organization, and geography of world trade have taken place in the past two decades. New significant exporters have appeared since the beginning of the early ninety. China is the world’s largest exporter. Other countries are increasing their export capacity to become major global suppliers. The emergence of global economic chains has aggravated the competitive struggle between countries and transnational corporations for spheres of influence. The agro-industrial complex traditionally remains a priority and strategically important sector of the economy for Russia. The article discusses the full use of the export potential of the agro-industrial complex of the country and the key role of integration into the global economic space. The authors reveal a pool of promising technologies for the development of the agroindustrial complex of Russia, such as: Internet of Things, blockchain, robotics, unmanned aerial vehicles. The article forms a conclusion about the possibility of the practical application of each technology, as well as the need to develop a systematic and well-considered state approach for the introduction of a new generation of digital technologies and financial technologies in agriculture.

The article deals with current issues of digital transformation of metallurgical companies in the conditions of sustainable development of industry 4.0. The authors systematize the tools of through digitalization of companies in the metallurgical industry, give their characteristics, as well as proposed a mechanism for the impact of digital tools on the capital structure and financial stability. At the same time the analysis of the capital of the leading metallurgical company of Russia and the world JSC “Uralelectromed” confirms the necessity to consider the formation of the capital structure by digital methods of management in the aspect of sus-tainable development.

During the period of the digitalization of the economy, the rapid development of the Internet, information and communication technologies (ICT), sustainable communication channels, cloud technologies and digital platforms, open information systems and global industrial networks have appeared. These networks proceed, beyond the boundaries of an individual enterprise and interact with each other. The article discusses modern digital technologies currently implemented in the agricultural sector of Russia. The authors reviewed the national program “Digital Economy 2018-2024” to the digitalization of agriculture, conducted a bibliographic review of information technologies in agriculture and presented a description of digital technologies based on neural networks to the intellectual analysis of plant development. In conclusion, a new concept of digital farming in Russia is presented, based on wireless digital technologies. The authors note that to improve the energy efficiency of digital systems, people continue to work on the development of individual network elements’ models and routing protocols of the wireless sensor network to optimize the sensor’s energy consumption.

The subject of this research is the economic relations arising in the process of using bonds by regional Russian authorities. The objectives of the bond issue by the subjects of the Federation of the Russian Federation are the following: financing the budget deficit, cash ruptures of budget implementation, and financing public debt. The bond method of attracting funds in some cases may be the most effective from the point of view of attracted amounts of money and "accumulating" of a credit rating. Subjects of the Federation can use several types of bond loans to raise funds. Taking into consideration that most regions have serious problems in attracting funds, and the restrictions imposed on the volume of emissions and the size of a public debt suggests investment bonds as the most attractive mechanism for raising funds.