Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a global health threat and burden. It is associated with medical and psychological complications, especially depression. Depression among patients with DM may affect the general prognosis. Hence, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Gadarif, eastern Sudan to evaluate the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). Methods We performed a cross-sectional study. Data on anthropometric parameters, demographic characteristics and blood glucose levels were collected via questionnaire. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results Three hundred and fifty patients with T2DM were enrolled in the study and 205 (58.6%) were women. The median (interquartile range) age and duration of diabetes were 56.0 (14.0) years and 8 (8) years, respectively. The prevalence of depression in patients with T2DM was 35.6%. Logistic regression analysis showed significant associations between depression and rural residence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20–3.72), non-employee (AOR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.34–4.00), co-morbidity (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.43–3.86) and obesity AOR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.48–4.18). Conclusion The prevalence of depression is high among Sudanese patients with T2DM. Rural residence, unemployment, co-morbidity and obesity are significant risk factors for developing depression among patients with T2DM.

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health threat and burden that is associated with many chronic complications. Erectile dysfunction (ED) among patients with DM is one of these complications. There is no published data on ED in Sudan; hence, we conducted this study to evaluate the prevalence of ED and the associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in eastern Sudan. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study. Data on blood glucose level, cholesterol level, anthropometric and demographic characteristics, results of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire, and clinical history were obtained. Results A total of 334 men with T2DM with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 55.0 (±10.0) years were enrolled in the study. The median (IQR) of the duration of DM was 7.0 (±8) years, and 260 (77.8%) had uncontrolled T2DM. The median (IQR) body mass index was 24.5 (±4.9) kg/m2. Of the participants, 81 (24.3%) had severe ED, 52 (15.6%) had moderate ED, 75 (22.5%) had mild to moderate ED, and 63 (13.9%) had mild ED. Of the 334 men, 271 (81.1%) had ED. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.14), duration of DM (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.06–1.51), and cholesterol levels (AOR = 3.53, 95% CI = 1.75–7.11) were positively associated with ED. Moreover, poor glycaemic control (AOR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.70–6.71, P < 0.001) was significantly associated with ED. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of ED among patients with T2DM in eastern Sudan. Age, duration of DM, and cholesterol were positively associated with ED.

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